Do-Now

1. Do-Now • Answer the following question on a blank piece of paper…(5 SENTENCES) • What should the Allies do to the German officers in charge of the war and the SS soldiers who ran the concentration camps? • THIS WILL BE COLLECTED

2. The Cold War

4. Aftermath of World War II • Nuremberg Trials put German leaders on trial • Many Nazi leaders were executed or given lengthy prison sentences for the Holocaust and other war crimes • Similar trials were held in Japan

6. Goring, Hess, and Von Ribbentrop

9. Post War Society • There was a lot of prosperity for Americans after the war • Americans saved money during the war- 150 billion dollars- Why? • Economy was revved up for wartime • There wasn’t much to spend money on- things were rationed

11. Post War Society Cont. • The Cold War- with the threat of the U.S.S.R, America needed to be prepared militarily • Government will still focus a lot of resources on the military

13. Post War Society Cont. • 1945-1960- Gross National Product Doubled (the amount of money generated from American owned businesses and taxes) • Examples: • 1945- 8 Malls 1960- 4,000 • House Prices- 1945- 6,000-9,000 • Radios now in cars • 1945- $2,700 yearly income meant you were part of the middle class

14. Post War Society Cont. • G.I Bill • Gave tangible benefits to veterans • 14 ½ billion dollars • Low interest loans, education benefits, cash bonuses • 2 ½ million veterans went on to higher learning

15. Do Now • List 5 things that comes to mind when you hear the term “The Cold War”

17. Origins of the Cold War • The Alliance between the U.S, Great Britain and the U.S.S.R was held together by a common enemy • As the war winds down, the Alliance becomes weaker

18. Origins of the Cold War Cont. • Causes of Cold War • The “Second Front”-The anticipation of the U.S and Great Britain opening a second front in Western Europe • 1941-’42- Russians are barely holding on- needed an allied invasion in Western Europe to take pressure off Russia • In 1942 allies invade Africa- doesn’t help

19. Origins of the Cold War Cont. • FDR and Churchill promised a 2nd front in 1943- Invade Italy but doesn’t help U.S.S.R • Stalin becomes convinced his allies have left him out to dry- begins to distrust them • All this time, FDR wants Russia to declare war on Japan • Stalin promises to help but does nothing- creates a distrust on the American side

21. Origins of the Cold War Cont. • Yalta Conference (Feb 1945)- • Big 3 talked about occupation zones in Germany • FDR and Stalin meet privately- made an agreement to allow the U.S.S.R to have a sphere of influence in Eastern Europe- not to occupy those countries • When U.S.S.R moves into Eastern Europe they do not leave • The Iron Curtain

24. Origins of the Cold War Cont. • Idea of “Containment” • George F. Kennan- comes up with this philosophy • Russian history expert- said Russia has always been expansionist • Believed communism was their religion- will not compromise it and will always try to spread it to weak, poor and unstable governments

25. Origins of the Cold War Cont. • Believed the U.S should “Contain” communism’s expansion- “Stop the river of communism by building a dam” • This is accomplished with money

26. Effects of Containment • Truman Doctrine (1947)- Greece was in a struggle between communists and democrats • Truman got money to give to Greece and Turkey- 400 Million to aid the democrats • Marshall Plan- created by Secretary of State George Marshall

28. Effects of Containment • Marshall Plan: The U.S sent 13 Billion dollars to Europe to help countries rebuild • Was open to all European Countries as long as they accepted American consultants to distribute the money • Eastern Europe couldn’t accept it- Stalin prohibited it • Because of this, America is winning the “Better Government” competition

31. Effects of Containment • Berlin Blockade (1948) • Yalta Conference- Berlin split b/t East and West- access to West Berlin was free and guaranteed • 1948- Stalin Blockades Berlin- only way in and out was by air • Goal- Starve the U.S and Britain out and embarrass the U.S • Response- The U.S and Britain have the largest airlift in world history to give food and aid to West Berlin

37. Effects of Containment • Watershed year 1949- • Soviet Union successfully tested an atomic bomb- U.S thought it would happen 10 years later • China becomes communist under Mao Zedong- proves Kennan’s theory and intensifies competition between U.S and U.S.S.R

40. Effects of Containment • NATO formed- created a solid front in Western Europe • NSC-68- National Security Council #68- Militarized the containment policy