University of Arizona Library April 5 – 8, 2006 Tucson, Arizona Lori Critz

1. University of Arizona Library April 5 – 8, 2006 Tucson, Arizona Lori Critz

2. Living The Future • LTF 1 – 1996 - Presented Arizona’s experience with organizational change - process improvement, team-based organizations, transforming organizational culture, changing roles, restructuring, becoming a learning organization, valuing diversity, needs assessment, and customer satisfaction • LTF 6 – 2006 - A conference for collaborative thinking about the future -  Speakers included nationally known experts as well as working library staff who are ‘experimenting and innovating’ and living the future  • All proceeds benefit the UA staff development fund

3. Living The Future 6 • Disruptive Innovation and the Academic Library • Presenter:David Lewis • Dean of the University Library, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis ** slides # 4 – 10; content derived from LTF 6 presentation

4. Living The Future 6 • Reviewed the theories of business strategy developed by Clayton Christensen in his three books — the Innovator’s Dilemma, Innovator’s Solution, and Seeing What’s Next • Primary Premise: “… academic libraries are likely to be disrupted by new technologies and their application by competing organizations.  Understanding and embracing this should provide guidance to academic librarians in establishing strategies, organizational structures, and values that will position academic libraries in the scholarly information and learning value chains in ways that will assure their relevance to our various clienteles.”

5. Living The Future 6 “ Disruptive innovation theory points to situations in which new organizations can use relatively simple, convenient, low-cost innovations to create growth and triumph over powerful incumbents. The theory holds that existing companies have a high probability of beating entrant attackers when the contest is about sustaining innovations. But established companies almost always lose to attackers armed with disruptiveinnovations.” • Example: Browsing (sustaining) (requires prior arranging/ordering; decide in advance what user wants) vs. Searching (disruptive) (Google decides what comes next after ‘listening’ to user)

6. Living The Future 6 • Disruptive Innovations in Libraries • Google versus traditional bibliographic control • Open Archives/Repositories versus journals • Google Book Project, Open Content Alliance versus library collections • Yahoo/Google Answers versus Reference librarians

7. Living The Future 6 • Defensive Strategies — Not Disruptive • Maximize effectiveness of print collections • Quality Informal Study Space with academic support — “Information Commons” idea • Integrate library services into course management systems (e.g. WebCT, Blackboard) • Migrate from paper collections to access and electronic alternatives - Find/create cheaper alternatives

8. Living The Future 6 • Offensive Strategies — Potentially Disruptive • Migrate resources from purchased collections for library’s users to curated collections (repositories and digital collections) for the world • Disrupt established journal publishers • Help develop alternatives to traditional academic monographic publishing • Create electronic open access alternatives to textbooks and coursepacks • Introduce disruptive innovations into the scholarly communication value chain that make it more reliable, more convenient, and cheaper

9. Scholarly Communication Chain Author Write Work Publisher Edit Work Produce Work Advertise Work Distribute Work Library Library Preserve Work Circulate Work House Work Read Work

10. NEW Scholarly Communication Chain Author Write Work Library/Repository Edit Work Produce Work Advertise Work Distribute Work Preserve Work Circulate Work House Work Read Work

11. Living The Future 6 • Lewis, David W.  “The Innovator’s Dilemma: Disruptive Change and Academic Libraries.”  Library Administration and Management 18(2):68-74 April 2004.  • Available at: http://idea.iupui.edu/dspace/handle/1805/173

12. Living The Future 6 • Science vs. Fiction: Thinking and Living the Future on Fast Forward • Presenter: Richard E. Luce • Research Library Director at Los Alamos National Laboratory

13. Living The Future 6 • Info Tech Trends • Cell phones not PCs will be the primary access mode for students (constant, pervasive data entry system) • Smart Data use – XML, Geocoding, … • World Brain ---IBM linked with Google enterprise • Gaming, not reports, will rule (teach, inspire)

14. Living The Future 6 • Hot Web Technologies • Social software --- blogs, wikis, collaborative filtering • Mash-ups ----websites or web applications that combine content from more than one source into an integrated experience (e.g. Chicago Crime map or HOT PEOPLE by Zipcode) • Web 2.0 idea --- info brought to desktop via existing web services (e.g. Amazon’s recommendations + reviews + book covers) • Mash Culture ----consumer’s demands to be part of product development, for personal power in an-waiting world

15. Living The Future 6 • What’s next for Libraries? • Library 2.0 ---seeks to apply Web 2.0 technologies and ideas to libraries (i.e. implement library services with industry strength software and practices) • Shallow infrastructures ---- for data exchange in micro-formats such as Live Clipboard • Deep infrastructures ----- for durable, high-quality metadata • Publishing on the Grid ---data integration, annotations, exporting/publishing in agreed formats, security

16. Living The Future 6 • Critical Opportunities for Libraries • Optimize services for the next generation of readers (e-books and readers???) • Data publishing on the grid • E-science (data intensive, parallel processing, collaborative, global) and data curation (finding and saving data of today and tomorrow) • Channel editing ---- focus on what researchers NEED to know (e.g. Materials Science portal; ScienceSifter – category feeds based on keyword selections) • Focus on customers --- knowing how technology will influence how users behave and what they expect