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How could these relate to muscles?

In this task, teams race against each other to label muscles correctly. Participants learn about muscle pairs, movement at different joints, and the relationship between muscles. They also explore ways to remember muscle names and the concept of muscles working antagonistically. Lastly, they examine how muscles work together, different types of muscle contractions, and the immediate and long-term effects of exercise on the muscular system.

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How could these relate to muscles?

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  1. How could these relate to muscles?

  2. The Muscular System • To confidently name and label the main muscles groups. • To understand how muscles work in pairs and how they create movement • To identify which muscles create movements at different joints

  3. Task 1 Stickers 6 Teams paired against another team. Each team races against the other team to label the muscles correctly. 1 Person should model. Write up labels and stick in the correct place You will be timed: each team will receive a 10 second penalty for each muscle incorrectly labelled or missed. 5 second penalty per ‘cheat’ (3 second look at muscle sheet). Timer stopped when all team members sat down with no rubbish in their working area.

  4. How did you do? Deltoids Trapezius Pectorals Triceps Biceps Latissimus Dorsi Abdominals Gluteals Hamstrings Quadriceps Gastrocnemius Front View Back View

  5. Ways to remember muscles Miss Green’s….little ways…. Spelling is important! Try syllables Bi-cep Gastro-c-nemius Quad-ri-cep Glu-teals And/Or look, cover, try, check

  6. How could these relate to muscles?

  7. How Muscles Work They like to work TOGETHER!!!! A bit like an old married couple, one works whilst the other relaxes!

  8. Antagonistic Muscles (muscles work Antagonistically) Ant-agon-istic-ally • Skeletal muscles work across a joint and are attached to the bones by tendons. • They work in pairs, when one is contracting the other is relaxing in turn to create movement. Movement of the armat the elbow

  9. Flexion (Bending) of the Arm (Triceps relax) (Biceps contract)

  10. Extension (Straightening) of the Arm Triceps: contracting muscle Biceps: relaxing muscle

  11. What muscle creates each movement? Tip: If a muscle is contracting or shortening it is usually pulling a bone/limb towards it.

  12. Movement of muscles • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2fy7zMVkTfU

  13. What grade are you on and what do you need to work on? • Grade C • Can Name & Label all muscles • Can spell most muscles correctly • Can explain what is meant by ‘muscles working antagonistically’ • Grade B (as above +) • 4. Can identify what movement each muscle creates e.g. bicep flexes elbow • Grade A (as above +) • 5. Can link movements to sporting examples e.g. the Quadriceps contract which extends the leg to kick a ball in rugby. • Grade A*(as above +) • 6. Can identify the Antagonist (relaxing muscle) and/or Origin and Insertion of the main muscle groups.

  14. Exercising the muscular system Isotonic and Isometric Immediate effects of exercise Long term effects of exercise

  15. Apply it…..practice exam 1. Which one of the following muscles is contracting to allow the footballer in the image to extend his leg at the hip? • A. Gluteal Muscles • B. Hamstrings • Abdominals • Quadriceps

  16. 2. Which of the following muscles is contracting to allow the leg to flex at the knee? • A. Gluteal Muscles • B. Hamstrings • C. Gastrocnemius • D. Quadriceps

  17. 3. Which of the following muscles is contracting to allow the tennis player in the image to adduct his arm at the shoulder? • A. Triceps • B. LatissimusDorsi • C. Abdominals • D. Pectorals

  18. 4. Which of the following muscles is responsible for abducting the arm at the shoulder? • A. Triceps • B. LatissimusDorsi • C. Deltoid • D. Pectorals

  19. 5. Which muscles are contracting to allow this dancer to point his toes by extending the ankle? • A. Gluteal Muscles • B. Hamstrings • C. Gastrocnemius • D. Quadriceps

  20. 6. Which of the following muscles is contracting to abduct the arms backwards at the shoulder? • A. Triceps • B. LatissimusDorsi • C. Abdominals • D. Pectorals

  21. Recap! When muscles contract they create movement (usually pulling something towards them) Antagonistically muscles work in pairs (when one relaxes the other contracts) Agonist – Contracting Muscle Antagonist – Relaxing Muscle

  22. Exam Tip: Questions on Antagonistic muscles usually either ask: In relation to Bicep and Triceps or Hamstrings and Quadriceps Which is Agonist and which is Antagonist during certain movements

  23. Isotonic and Isometric Isotonic – when muscles contract and relax to create movement Isometric – when the muscle contracts but stays in a fixed position

  24. Sporting examples Isotonic: anything with movement!!!

  25. Sporting examples Isometric – muscle contracts but stays in a fixed position.

  26. Immediate Effects of Exercise Increase demand of oxygen Increase demand of fuel (glycogen) Lactic Acid Cramp

  27. Long term effects of exercise Hypertrophy – increased muscle size Increase Strength Improve posture through toning Caused by minor tears in the muscle and the body rebuilds within 48 hours

  28. Recap! Isometric Isotonic

  29. (d) Which one of the above statements refers to an isometric contraction?

  30. Recap: Short term effects of exercise Long term effects of exercise

  31. Potential Injuries to the muscular system Muscle Atrophy (decrease in muscle)

  32. Soft Tissue Damage Strain – little tears in the muscle fibres and blood vessels. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kZlXWp6vFdE http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8YcvuxN-T28

  33. Examiners tip • You Strain a muscle and Sprain a ligament! Relate it to sport! Why is it so common for Footballers to strain (pull) their Hamstring?

  34. Injury Prevention! • Warm up • Raise heart rate and warming up the muscles with gentle and progressively more energetic exercise • Stretches Lets test it!

  35. Cool Down Brings the heart rate back to normal Removes lactic acid from muscles so they don’t become stiff and sore Includes gentle exercise and stretches (20-30 seconds)

  36. Injury treatment R – REST I – ICE C – COMPRESSION E – ELEVEATION The first 24-48 hours crucial and player should continue to rest during this period.

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