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Refractive Index of Novel Barium Bismuth Borate Glasses

Refractive Index of Novel Barium Bismuth Borate Glasses. John Turton Research Supervisor Saisudha Mallur 4/8/19 490 Presentation. Introduction. What is glass What is glass used for How to make glass The results of the experiment. What is Glass.

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Refractive Index of Novel Barium Bismuth Borate Glasses

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  1. Refractive Index of Novel Barium Bismuth Borate Glasses John Turton Research Supervisor SaisudhaMallur 4/8/19 490 Presentation

  2. Introduction • What is glass • What is glass used for • How to make glass • The results of the experiment

  3. What is Glass • Glass are non-crystalline solid and it is a supercooled liquid.

  4. The Importance of Glasses in our everyday lives. • Window • Lenses • Bottles • Light bulbs • Cookware • Tables • etc

  5. Barium Bismuth Borate Glasses Properties • High refraction • High electrical resistance • Low coefficient of thermal expansion • A relatively low melting point.

  6. What proprieties did I measured • In the current project, density and refractive index of barium bismuth borate glasses with different concentration of barium oxide are studied.

  7. Glass composition • xBaO: (70-x)B2O3: 30Bi2O3 x=5, 10 and 15

  8. Lab Preparation • Putting on lab coat, gloves, and googles • Calculating the proper ratios • Gather the chemicals such as bismuth oxide, barium carbonate, and boric acid

  9. Sample Preparation • Retrieving the crucibles • Writing down the measurement on each crucibles • Starting with one sample at a time • Cleaning off the equipment and utensils after each sample

  10. Weighing Preparation • Weighed each chemical on an Ohaus scale to make a homogenous mixture. • Label each sample and keep track of them

  11. Melting Preparation • Melted each homogenous mixture in a furnace around 9000C

  12. Quenching Preparation • Quenched the melt rapidly by pouring each homogenous mixture on a pre-heated brass plate • Brass item were heated to 2500 C • Bring out wax paper

  13. Annealing Preparation • Put the glass pieces in a tray • Annealed the glass samples in a Tubular furnace for 3 hours time period at 3500 C.

  14. Polishing Preparation • Polished each glass sample on the polisher with coolant saturating the surface of the polisher to keep it from heating due to friction

  15. Density • degree of consistency measured by the quantity of mass per unit volume

  16. Archimedes Principle • This states that the buoyant force on an immersed object by a liquid is equal to the weight of the fluid that is displaced • Equation of the objects’ weight is given below • W(apparent) = W(object) – W(liquid) • Equation of the objects’ density is given below

  17. Density Error BaO (mole Fraction) 5.545 0.019 5 5.720 0.0185 10 5.867 0.0255 15 • Density of the barium bismuth borate glass increases from 5.4±0.03 - 5.9±0.04 g/cm3 with increase in BaO content.

  18. Refractiveindex • The ratio of the velocity of light in a vacuum to its velocity in a specified medium • Refractive index is a fundamental optical property of any glass that is crucial in determining its potential for applications in optical devices. • We used Snell’s law shown below to calculate the Refractive index nisinθi= ntsinθt

  19. Refractive index • Polarizer • Laser • Sample • Light detector • Slit

  20. Angle Ratio Degree 80.05 18.26087 75.02 9.58904 74.01 8.66911 73.02 7.9857 72 6.38037 71 5.88928 70.02 4.76758 69.01 3.81406 68 3.10633 67 2.30863 66 1.72202 65 1.3597 64 0.94007 63.01 0.85055 62 0.6795 61 0.69849 60 0.77008 59 1.0101 58 1.35747 57 1.62003 56 1.98347 55 2.52427 Trial 1 20g sample of 5BaCO3: 65B2O3: 30Bi2O3

  21. Angle Ratio Degree 80 20.42755 75 12.86058 74.01 12.13592 73 9.34579 72 8.66426 70.99 7.24638 70 6.65874 68.99 5.61529 68 4.15225 67 3.65449 66.01 2.78746 65 2.02622 64 1.55317 63 1.2761 62 1.16686 61 1.16144 60 1.22222 58.99 1.44753 58 1.68539 57 2.12014 56 2.55814 55.01 3.07517 Trial 2 20g sample of 5BaCO3: 65B2O3: 30Bi2O3

  22. Refractive index Error BaO (mole Fraction) 1.801 0.102 5 1.831 0.087 10 1.813 0.08 15 • The variation of the refractive index with BaO content and remains constant (1.813± 0.08) with increase in BaO content.

  23. Summary • We learned how to make Barium Bismuth Borate Glasses • We learned some of the usefulness of glass • Refractive indices are measured using the Brewster’s angle method and the densities are determined using the Archimedes’ principle. • The higher value of the density and the refractive index is attributed to the presence of the heavy metal bismuth oxide in the glass composition.

  24. Acknowledgement • CAS Undergraduate Research Grant – Fall 2018- Western Illinois University

  25. The End

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