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Napoleon’s Defeat

Napoleon’s Defeat. Napoleon. England, Austria, Russia, Prussia and Sweden join forces to form a coalition against Napoleon. 1814: Napoleon surrenders to the Fourth Coalition. Napoleon is exiled on the island of Elba. Napoleon. The Hundred Days

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Napoleon’s Defeat

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  1. Napoleon’s Defeat

  2. Napoleon • England, Austria, Russia, Prussia and Sweden join forces to form a coalition against Napoleon. • 1814: Napoleon surrenders to the Fourth Coalition. • Napoleon is exiled on the island of Elba

  3. Napoleon • The Hundred Days • Napoleon escapes from Elba, lands in France and raises an army.

  4. Waterloo

  5. Napoleon • Napoleon is outsmarted by the Duke of Wellington, who leads the British army. • The British and Prussians defeat Napoleon at the Battle of Waterloo

  6. After his defeat at Waterloo, Napoleon was sent to prison in St. Helena, where he got sick and died.

  7. Congress of Vienna

  8. Congress of Vienna • Date: Winter 1814 – 1815 • Location: Vienna, Austria • Host: Klemens von Metternich

  9. Von Metternich • Foreign Minister of Austria for almost 40 years. • Well educated statesman • Spoke five languages • Thought of himself as a European rather than just an Austrian

  10. Congress of Vienna • Goals: • Prevent future French aggression • Restore a balance of power • Principal of Legitimacy • Principal of Intervention

  11. Congress of Vienna • Preventing French aggression: • This could be done by strengthening the countries that surrounded France

  12. Congress of Vienna • United the Netherlands • Austria, Prussia and 37 German kingdoms formed a confederacy • Switzerland became an independent nation • Italian kingdoms expanded

  13. Congress of Vienna • Balance of Power: • To prevent any one country from dominating (being a threat to others). • Did not punish France too harshly

  14. Congress of Vienna • Principal of Legitimacy: • Royalty that Napoleon conquered should and would be restored to their thrones. • Louis XVIII became the constitutional monarch of France.

  15. Congress of Vienna • Principal of Intervention: • The Great Powers of Europe had to right to send armies into countries where there were revolutions • To restore legitimate monarchs to their thrones.

  16. BRITAIN’S REFUSAL BRITAIN REFUSED TO ACCEPT THE PRINCIPAL ARGUED THAT THE GREAT POWERS SHOULD NOT INTERFERE IN THE INTERNAL AFFAIRS OF OTHER COUNTRIES

  17. Congress of Vienna • Results: • No major wars fought in Europe for almost 40 years. • Concert of Europe –

  18. Congress of Vienna PEACE AND STABILITY THE CONSERVATIVE WAY

  19. CONCERT OF EUROPE • Maintain the new balance of power • Meet at times in conferences to take steps to maintain the peace in Europe • Agreed to help each other if any revolutions broke out (exception Britain WANTED TO KEEP A SECRET—the IR)

  20. Conservatives: Believed in tradition and stability-- rich landowners/nobles. Supported monarchies Organized religion Liberals: Believed in the importance of protecting the basic rights of people--Based on Enlightenment principles--Middle class leaders/ merchants. Increase the power of Parliaments Religious tolerance Congress of Vienna

  21. CONSERVATIVE AND LIBERAL FEAR MOB RULE SHARING POWER WITH THE LOWER CLASSES A DEMOCRACY IN WHICH EVERYONE HAD THE RIGHT TO VOTE

  22. Congress of Vienna • Spread of Nationalism • People under foreign control wanted independence • Conservatives vs. Liberals vs. Radicals.

  23. Congress of Vienna • Radicals: could be from any class. • Wanted drastic change to extend democracy to everyone.

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