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Manifest Destiny: The War with Mexico and the California Gold Rush

Explore the U.S. annexation of Texas, tensions with Mexico, and the resulting war. President Polk's push for territorial gains, sectional attitudes towards war, and the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. Learn about the impact of the California Gold Rush, diversity, and the state's entry into the Union.

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Manifest Destiny: The War with Mexico and the California Gold Rush

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  1. The War with MexicoChapter 9 – Section 4 Mitten – CSHS AMAZ Hist – Sem 1 – 2009/2010

  2. War with Mexico • Key Points • U.S. annexation of Texas • creates great tension with Mexico • leads to war • Result = huge territorial gains for the United State

  3. Polk Urges War • “Polk the Purposeful” • President James K. Polk favors war with Mexico • believes U.S. will get Texas, New Mexico, California

  4. Slidell’s Rejection • Polk sends John Slidell to Mexico • offers to buy Southwest • negotiate the Texas border • 1844, Santa Anna out • Mexican government unstable • ignores Slidell… • Polk orders Gen. Zachary Taylor to blockade the Rio Grande

  5. Polk Urges War • Sectional Attitudes Toward War • South favors war • extend slavery • increase its power in Congress • North opposes war • fears spread of slavery • fears Southern control of U.S.

  6. Polk Provokes War • U.S. violates Mexico’s territory • skirmish near Matamoros; 9 American dead • Polk sends war message to Congress; withholds facts • Congress approves war • Kearny Marches West • Colonel Kearny marches to Santa Fe • New Mexico surrenders to U.S. without a fight

  7. The Republic of California • 1830’s – 12,000 Mexican settlers in CA • 1840’s – 500 Americans • John C. Fremont proclaims Republic of California in 1846 • The War in Mexico • U.S. – many victories • Mexican troops have poor leaders • Invasion of Mexico led by Zachary Taylor and Winfield Scott • Polk helps Santa Anna regain power • Santa Anna fights U.S.

  8. Treaty of Guadalupe Hildalgo • War ends with treaty in 1848 • Texas border set at Rio Grande • Mexico cedes west -- $15 million • guarantees rights of Mexicans living in territories • War increases U.S. territory by 1/3rd • Franklin Pierce – Gadsden Purchase • set final border – last piece

  9. America – Spoils of War • The California Gold Rush • 1848, gold discovered – Sutter’s Mill • San Francisco – city abandoned • Gold rush or migration of prospectors to California in 1849 • Forty-niners come from Asia, South America, Europe

  10. California Gold Rush • Impact of Gold Fever • SF becomes major port/supply center • Gold Rush Brings Diversity • 1849, population exceeds 100,000 • Chinese, free blacks, Mexicans migrate in large numbers • Slavery permitted until outlawed in 1849 by state constitutional convention • California joins Union in 1850

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