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Explore the intricate relationship between gender and development, assessing the impact of power imbalances on gender equality and identifying immediate needs versus long-term transformational goals. Delve into major international efforts such as CEDAW and Millennium Development Goal 3 on Gender Equity.
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Learning Objectives Understand how gender plays a role in development. Identify concept of “power” as related to gender equality/inequality. Identify examples of long term and immediate gender needs.
Major International Efforts The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), was adopted in 1979 by the UN General Assembly. CEDAW defines what constitutes discrimination against women and sets up an agenda for national action to end such discrimination. Millennium Development Goal 3: Promote Gender Equity and Empower Women.
Gender Equality in Development Gender equality means that women and men have equal conditions for realizing their full potential. Countries that invest in gender equality gain social and economic advantages. Lack of gender equality has created a “feminization of poverty”. Women make up 70% of the world’s poor.
Addressing Power and Gender Inequality Gender inequality often arises out of an imbalance of power between women and men. A focus on this power imbalance is vital in development. Consider how men and women can distinctly participate in and benefit from project resources and activities. Consider how men and women distinctly influence project outcomes.
Immediate Gender Needs Versus Long-term Transformational Goals Assessing Needs
Immediate Gender Needs Addressing immediate gender needs responds to an immediate, perceived necessity. These needs often arise out of women’s subordinate position in society. Examples of these needs are: Water Shelter Food Income Health care • Between 34 and 88 percent of men interviewed in a • multi-country survey say that they are frequently • stressed or depressed because of not having • enough work or income. This stress was a key factor • associated with perpetuation of violence and other • negative effects. In many regions, women spend up to 5 hours a day collecting fuelwood and water and up to 4 hours a day preparing food. 70% of women of reproductive age in Nepal are anemic and malnourished. (source: Worldbank) • Women own 1% of the world's • resources and earn one-tenth • of the world's income. Source: ILO
Long term Transformational Goals Identifying and working towards long term transformational goals promotes gender equality and can change gender roles. Examples of long term transformational goals are Gaining legal rights Closing wage gaps Protection from domestic violence Increased decision-making Access to credit Source: ILO
Many of the Asia Foundation’s programs target long-term transformational goals and seek to address immediate needs.
Questions for Discussion Identify 2 or 3 areas of gender equality/inequality in Wonderland. How have unequal power relations in Wonderland affected men’s and women’s roles in conflict and after conflict? What are 2 or 3 immediate needs and long-term transformational goals of project stakeholders in this case study?
