1 / 21

Gravitation

Gravitation. Universal Gravitation. Two objects of masses M and m (kg), whose centres are a distance r (m) apart experience a force of attraction: G = 6.67 x 10 -11 Nm 2 /kg 2. Ex. Force of attaction between you the person you are sitting next to.

jgentile
Download Presentation

Gravitation

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Gravitation

  2. Universal Gravitation • Two objects of masses M and m (kg), whose centres are a distance r (m) apart experience a force of attraction: • G = 6.67 x 10-11 Nm2/kg2

  3. Ex. Force of attaction between you the person you are sitting next to. • Two tankers of equal mass attract each other with a force of 3.5 x10-3 N. If their centres are 85 m apart, what is the mass of each tanker?

  4. For this problem, use ratios only to obtain the weight of a person at the following distances. Assume the person weighs 980 N on the surface of Earth. Earth’s radius is 6.38 x 106 m. a) Three times the distance from the centre of Earth b) 128 000 km above the surface of Earth

  5. Near Earth Approximation • Close to the Earth the field strength, g, is almost constant

  6. On or near the surface of Earth, g is 9.80 m/s2. At what distance from Earth’s centre is the value of g 9.70 m/s2 ? At what height above the surface of Earth does this occur?

  7. Apparent Weight

  8. Apparent Weight is the contact force exerted on an accelerating object in/against the direction of gravity.

  9. Ex. 1: A 500 g mass is hung from a force sensor (Newton scale). What is the tension, the reading on the scale, under the following cases? • a) the mass was at rest • b) the mass was moving up with a constant speed. • c) the mass was moving and accelerating upwards. • d) the mass was moving down with a constant speed. • e) the mass was moving and accelerating in a downward direction.

  10. Pg 165 # 1. If you were standing on a bathroom scale in an elevator, the normal force acting on you would be the reading on the bathroom scale. This number is called your apparent weight. For the following cases, use FBDs and Fnet statements to calculate the reading on the bathroom scale (the force normal, FN). The mass of the person is 70 kg. a) The elevator is at rest. b) The elevator is moving up at a constant speed of 10 km/h. c) The elevator is moving down with an acceleration of 2.0 m/s2. d) The elevator is moving up with an acceleration of 3.0 m/s2. e) The elevator cable broke and the elevator is free-falling.

  11. Dynamics Problems: Pulleys and the Normal Force

  12. 2 kg 2.5 kg 3 kg 4 kg Pulleys • A pulley is a simple machine that changes the direction of a force • Ex. Find the acceleration of the masses and tension in the ropes

  13. Normal Force • The normal force (FN) is a reaction force. If an object pushes onto a surface the normal force is the reaction force of the surface pushing back. • Ex. A 20 g fridge magnet is being held onto the fridge by a 0.9 N force. What is the normal force?

  14. Determine the normal force and the acceleration of the following: (Friction is negligible) 40 N 12 kg 40º 40 N 12 kg

  15. Friction

  16. Friction • Friction is the force that stops two surfaces from sliding across each other • It depends on: • The two surfaces • The force pressing them together

  17. Static vs. Kinetic • Static Friction (SFN): The maximum force that stops an object from moving Fs = SFN • Kinetic Friction (kFN): The minimum force necessary to keep something moving Fk = kFN

  18. Coefficients of friction, μ • The coefficient of friction is the ratio of the magnitude of the force of friction to the magnitude of the normal force. • The value for the coefficient of friction depends on the nature of the two surfaces in contact and the type of friction—static or kinetic. Coefficient of Static Friction Coefficient of Kinetic Friction

  19. Ex 1. • What is the minimum force needed to move a 2000 kg car on asphalt from rest? • What is the acceleration of the car if the same force was continuing to apply to the car?

  20. A sled of mass 26 kg has an 18 kg child on it. The big brother is pulling with a force 30 N to the right and 10 N up; and the big sister is pushing at 40 N right and 16 N down. Given μk = 0.12. Calculate: a) the normal force. FBD: b) the force of friction. c) the acceleration of the sled and child.

More Related