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Localized Algorithms and Their Applications in Ad Hoc Wireless Networks

Explore the use of localized algorithms in ad hoc wireless networks, covering topics such as connectivity, broadcasting, energy efficiency, security, and more. Gain insights into the challenges and potential solutions in this field.

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Localized Algorithms and Their Applications in Ad Hoc Wireless Networks

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  1. Localized Algorithms and Their Applications in Ad Hoc Wireless Networks Jie Wu Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering Florida Atlantic University Boca Raton, FL 33431 CNSF Workshop

  2. Classification of Communication Networks • Wired Networks • LAN, MAN, WAN, and Internet • Wireless Networks • Infrastructured networks (cellular networks) • Infrastructureless networks (ad hoc wireless networks) CNSF Workshop

  3. Wired/Wireless Networks CNSF Workshop

  4. Wireless and Mobile Networks • 200 million wireless telephone handsets (purchased annually) • A billion wireless communication devices in use • The first decade of 21st Century: mobile computing • "anytime, anywhere" CNSF Workshop

  5. Characteristics • Self-organizing: without centralized control • Scarce resources: bandwidth and batteries • Dynamic network topology • Unit disk graph models: host connection based on geographical distance CNSF Workshop

  6. Unit Disk Graph A simple ad hoc wireless network of six wireless mobile hosts. CNSF Workshop

  7. Major Issues in Ad Hoc Networks • Mobility management • Addressing and routing • Location tracking • Absolute vs. Relative, GPS • Network management • Merge and split • Resource management • Network resource allocation and energy efficiency • QoS management • Dynamic advance reservation and adaptive error control techniques CNSF Workshop

  8. Major Issues in Ad Hoc Networks (Cont’d.) • MAC protocols • Contention-base, controlled • Applications and middleware • Measurement and experimentation • Security • Authentication, encryption, anonymity, and intrusion detection • Error control and failure • Error correction and retransmission, deployment of back-up systems CNSF Workshop

  9. Localized Algorithms (Estrin, 99) • Processors (hosts) only interact with others in a restricted vicinity. • Each processor performs exceedingly simple tasks (such as maintaining and propagating information markers). • Collectively these processors achieve a desired global objective. • There is no (or limited) sequential propagation of information. CNSF Workshop

  10. Localized Algorithms (Con’t) • Differ from traditional distributed algorithms • Complexity • Communication: number of rounds • Communication: size of message • Computation: plays a lesser rule • Quality • Average case: probabilistic analysis/simulation • Worst case: bound/approximation ratio CNSF Workshop

  11. Application I: Connected Dominating Set (CDS) (Wu and Li, 1999) • CDS as a virtual backbone • Marking process: A node is marked true if it has two unconnected neighbors . CNSF Workshop

  12. Marking Process (Cont’d.) A sample ad hoc wireless network CNSF Workshop

  13. u w s v (a) Application II: Broadcasting(Wu and Dai, 2003 and 2004) • Promiscuous receive mode • Coverage & efficiency • Flooding: each node forwards the message once u u w s w s v v (c) (b) CNSF Workshop

  14. Application II: Broadcasting (Con’t) • Localized solution via self-pruning • (INFOCOM 2003) • Localized solution via neighbor designation • (ICDCS 2003) • Mobility management and consistent view • (INFOCOM 2004) • Computation complexity reduction in dense mode (ICDCS 2004) CNSF Workshop

  15. A Sample Broadcasting(n=100, d=6, r=16, k=2) CNSF Workshop

  16. Other Applications • Energy-Efficient Communication • MAC layer protocols • Topology control • Directional antenna • Sensor coverage • Data gathering and dissemination • … CNSF Workshop

  17. Security in Ad Hoc Networks • Key management • Routing security • Light-weight cryptography • Intrusion detection • Trust: incentive-based CNSF Workshop

  18. Cross-Disciplinary Issues • NSF Sensor Network Program (March, 2003) • Sponsored by multiple divisions/programs (including CISE) • Encouraging multi-disciplinary team effort • 1,000 submissions with an acceptance rate of around 5% CNSF Workshop

  19. Example: Multi-Disciplinary Team • Hitch-hiking Model (INFOCOM 2004) • Energy-efficient design in sensor networks • Multiple institutions: UMass- FAU • Multiple disciplines • physical layer • MAC layer • network layer CNSF Workshop

  20. Vision of the Field • Convergence of Multiple Disciplines • Parallel processing • Distributed systems • Network computing • Wireless network and mobile computing as an important component in Cyberinfrastructure and Cybertrust CNSF Workshop

  21. Vision of the Field Ultimate Cyberinfrastructure • Petascale computing, exabyte storage, and terabit networks Network-Centric • Supernetworks: networks are faster than the computers attached to them • Endpoints scale to bandwidth-match the network with multiple-10Gbps lambdas CNSF Workshop

  22. Major Conferences in the fields • General: IEEE INFOCOM • Mobile Computing: ACM MobiCom • Ad Hoc Networks: ACM MobiHoc • Distributed Systems: IEEE ICDCS • Sensor Networks: IEEE MASS (Mobile Ad-hoc and Sensor Networks) CNSF Workshop

  23. Some Related Events • IEEE Computer • Special issue on Ad Hoc Networking • Feb. 2004, guest editors: J. Wu. & I. Stojmenovic • NSF Workshop on Theoretical Aspects of Ad hoc, Sensor, and Peer-to-Peer Networks • Feb. 2004, http://www.cse.fau.edu/~jie • Book published by CRC and special issue in JPDC CNSF Workshop

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