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What are Mutations?

Explore mutations and their impact on DNA sequences, including gene and chromosomal mutations. Learn about mutagens such as UV radiation, pollution, chemicals, and viruses. Understand gene mutations like frameshift and point mutations and their consequences.

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What are Mutations?

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  1. What are Mutations? • Random changes in the sequences of the nucleotides in DNA (often during DNA replication • Can be harmful, beneficial or have no effect. • Two types: • Gene • Chromosomal

  2. Causes of Mutations 1. Mutagens: environmental factors that can cause some mutations 2. Examples of mutagens: • UV radiation • Pollution • Certain chemicals • Viruses UV radiation can cause mutations. Viruses can cause mutations.

  3. GENE MUTATIONS • Frameshift Mutations– caused by adeletion or an insertion (addition) of nucleotides that disrupt the codons. • This often causes a missense or nonsense.

  4. Point Mutations- changes that occur in only 1nucleotide in which one of three things can occur: • May still code for same amino acid and therefore same protein (silent mutation) • May code for different amino acid and therefore different protein. 3. May code for a STOP codon.

  5. Example of a Point Mutation:

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