Introduction to Biology

1. Introduction to Biology Crosby High School AP Biology

2. 4 Big Ideas • The process of evolution drives the diversity and unity of life • Biological systems utilize free energy and molecular building blocks to grow, to reproduce and to maintain dynamic homeostasis • Living systems store, retrieve, transmit and respond to information essential to life processes • Biological systems interact, and these systems and their interactions possess complex properties

3. Eight Themes of Biology • Biological Hierarchy • Organism interactions • Energy Transformations • Form Follows Function • Cell is the basic unit of life • Continuity of Life • Regulation of Biological Systems • EVOLUTION

4. Hierarchy of Organization • Atoms  Molecules  organelles  cells • Cells  tissue  organs  organ systems  Organisms • Population  Biological community  Ecosystem

5. Properties of Life • Order • Reproduction • Growth and Development • Energy Utilization • Response to the Environment • Homeostasis • Evolutionary Adaptation

6. Cell Theory • Robert Hooke (1665) • “Cells” • Anton van Leeuwenhoek • “Animacules” • Matthias Schleiden and Theodore Schwann (1839) • All living things are made of cells • All cells come from other cells

7. Prokaryotic Archaea and Bacteria Lack Organelles Cell walls Eukaryotic Eukarya Organelles Chromosomes Two Main Cell Types

8. Continuity of Life • All life uses same genetic code • Inheritance uses DNA • Genome • Human Genome • Craig Ventner vs. US Government

9. Interactions • Organisms as open systems • Ecosystem Dynamics • Energy Conversion • Regulatory mechanisms • Catalysts • Negative Feedback • Positive Feedback

10. Diversity • 30 million+ species • Taxonomy • Domains of Life • Archaea • Bacteria • Eukarya • Plantae • Animalia • Fungi • Protista

11. Evolution • Charles Darwin • “On the Origin of Species” • Natural Selection • “Descent with Modification”