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Stress Hormones Epinephrine & Cortisol

Stress Hormones Epinephrine & Cortisol. By: Kim Oakeson Biology 1010. Stress. “Stress can be defined as any type of change that causes physical, emotional or psychological strain.” Eustress – fun and exciting Acute stress – short-term Episodic acute stress – way of life

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Stress Hormones Epinephrine & Cortisol

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  1. Stress HormonesEpinephrine & Cortisol By: Kim Oakeson Biology 1010

  2. Stress • “Stress can be defined as any type of change that causes physical, emotional or psychological strain.” • Eustress – fun and exciting • Acute stress – short-term • Episodic acute stress – way of life • Chronic stress – long-term • Estimated that 90% of doctor visits are stress-related

  3. Chronic Stress Effects • Depression • Diabetes • Hair loss • Heart disease • Hyperthyroidism – Graves disease • Obesity • Obsessive compulsive or anxiety disorder • Tooth and gum disease • Ulcers • Cancer – study by Ohio State University

  4. Epinephrine Basics • Adrenaline is the most well known hormone that is secreted from the 2 adrenal glands on top of each kidney • Works with the nervous and immune system to manage stress • Enzymes transform cholesterol into adrenaline. C9H13NO3

  5. Cortisol Functions • Steroid hormone • Releases glucose into the bloodstream • Energy • Usually higher in the morning • Helps body cope with stress • Controls blood sugar and blood pressure levels • Helps assist the immune system

  6. “Fight-or-Flight” Response • During the “fight-or-flight” reaction, epinephrine and cortisol are released into the bloodstream • Heart pumps faster • Increased blood pressure • Narrows blood vessels which increases blood flow to major muscle groups

  7. Medical Uses of Epinephrine • Stimulates cardiac action in cardiac arrest • Vasoconstrictor • Increases blood pressure during anaphylactic reactions (EpiPen) • Bronchodilator • Causes smooth muscle relaxation and controls wheezing

  8. Causes of Adrenaline Secretion • High Intensity Exercise • Sleep deprivation • Life-Endangering Situations (including artificial situations) • Prepares the body for defense • Stimulants such as caffeine, cocaine, and heroine • Closes blood vessels in the brain so the brain and body cannot sleep • Stress • Helps us to get work done, but can cause illness if there is too much • Tenses muscles • Sugar

  9. Nonfunctional Adrenal Glands • Completely nonfunctional adrenal glands • Weight loss • Excessive loss of salt • Very low blood pressure

  10. How to Prevent Excess Adrenaline Secretion • Regular exercise • Burns off adrenaline and loosens muscles tension • Stress management techniques

  11. The Relax ResponseThe Counterpart to Stress Hormones • After a threat has dissipated, the body naturally returns to its normal functions • Acute stress • Chronic Stress • Meditation • Yoga • Deep breathing exercises • Stress counseling/management

  12. Sources • <http://www.causeof.org/adrenal.htm#WhatIs>. • <http://www.elmhurst.edu/~chm/vchembook/663adrenergic.html>. • <http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/archives/fdaDrugInfo.cfm?archiveid=7150>. • <http://stress.about.com/gi/o.htm?zi=1/XJ&zTi=1&sdn=stress&cdn=health&tm=262&gps=90_1077_1419_726&f=11&su=p1051.2.336.ip_&tt=2&bt=0&bts=1&zu=http%3A//psychcentral.com/library/stress_cancer.htm>. • "Mind/Body Medicine." Harvard Health Publications (2002). • <http://stress.about.com/od/stressmanagementglossary/g/Chronicstress.htm>. • <http://stress.about.com/od/stresshealth/a/stresshealth.htm>. • <http://stress.about.com/od/stressmanagementglossary/g/Epinephrine.htm>. • <http://stress.about.com/od/stressmanagementglossary/g/relaxationresp.htm>. • http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001398/

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