AWS Fundamental Terms and Definitions

1. AWS Fundamental Terms and Definitions Learning to talk like a welder

2. Introduction • Fundamental terms and definitions used in the welding field • Communicate effectively with Supervisors, Engineers, Inspectors, your co-workers and ……your Welding Instructor. Need to know for Printreading for Welders • Demonstrating the knowledge and ability to communicate welding information in a professional manner may enhance your potential for career advancement.

3. Define - “Welding” • A joining process that produces coalescence of materials by heating them to the welding temperature, with or without the application of pressure or by the application of pressure alone, and with or without the use of filler metal

4. Define - “Welding”

5. Advantages: Joins all commercial metals Most common method for joining 2 or more metals to make them act as one piece Allows the production of a monolithic structure that is strong in all directions Is the lowest cost, permanent joining method. Affords lighter weight through better use of materials Can be used anywhere Provides design flexibility

6. Base Metal • The materials to be joined

7. 5 Basic Joints • Butt Joint • Lap Joint • T Joint • Corner Joint • Edge Joint

8. 4 Basic Positions • Flat • Horizontal • Vertical • Overhead

9. Puddle • Molten pool of metal that forms when base metals reach welding temperature • Moved along the joint causing the base metals to coalesce forming a weld “bead”

10. Filler Metal • Metal added to the puddle to fill the joint

11. Stringer Bead • A weld bead formed with little or no oscillation of the source of energy

12. Weave Bead • A weld bead formed with exaggerated oscillation of the source of energy • Used to form a larger weld pool or bead

13. Penetration • Depth of fusion

14. Reinforcement • Filler metal extending above base metal

15. Types of welds • Fillet Weld • Joins materials at approximately right angles • Has a triangular profile or section view • Example – T Joint

16. Types of welds • Groove Weld • Joins materials by filling the space or “groove” between • Example – Butt Joint

17. Types of welds • Groove Weld • 7 types

19. Types of welds • Surfacing Welds • Used to change the dimensions or physical properties of base metals • Tack Welds • Used to hold base metals in position • Others • Back • Backing • Edge • Plug • Slot • Spot • Seam

20. Types of welds • Others • Back • Backing • Edge • Plug • Slot • Spot • Seam

21. “Pass” • May refer to one bead or a layer of beads.

22. Single-pass • Refers to a joint made with a single weld bead

23. Multiple pass • Refers to a joint made with more than one weld bead • Larger weld on top of smaller • Split Layer – uniform sized beads overlapped

24. Multiple pass

25. Parts of groove welds • Root opening – space between base metal • Root face or “land” – flat spot used to control penetration • Groove or Bevel face – where weld interface occurs • Bevel angle – degrees of bevel • Groove angle or Included Angle – total of bevel angles

26. Parts of welds

27. Parts of fillet welds • Legs – used to specify weld size • Face – side from which welding is done • Root – opposite the face – weakest point • Toe – where face intersects the base metal • Throat – gives the weld strength

28. Parts of welds

29. Welder Qualification “Certification” • Part of a Quality Assurance System designed to insure as much as possible that welds of sufficient quality are being produced • There is no certification that qualifies a welder for all types of work • Specific to process, metal, position, progression, etc • “Certified” welder has a document certifying that he or she produced a weld that met a specific standard or code.

30. Process • Select a code (AWS, ANSI, API, CWB, etc) • Write a Welding Procedure Specification (WPS) • Qualify the WPS • Qualify the welder (welder performance qualification test) • Issue documentation

31. Test Positions