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Explore how religious freedoms led the Puritans to America, the cause and outcome of the Thirty Years' War, and the effects of the Reformation on American history. Trace the rise and fall of the Tudor and Stuart dynasties in England, the causes of the English Civil War, and the Glorious Revolution. Discover how Louis XIV's absolutist rule influenced Europe and the world.
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DO NOW • How did the Reformation affect American History? (hint: Mayflower) • What was the cause of the Thirty Years’ War? • What was the Outcome of the Thirty Years’ War?
Answers: • Religious freedoms of the Puritans led them to America (Pilgrims). • Religion • The Peace of Westphalia 1648 • France emerged as the dominant nation in Europe • Some 300 states that made up the HRE were recognized as independent thus ending the HRE.
English Background • Henry VIII (Tudor Dynasty) • 6 Wives • Children • Mary • Elizabeth • Edward
Revolutions in England & AbsolutismObj: Analyze the breakdown of Absolutism in England Wieczerzak WHC 2008
Tudor Dynasty Ends • Tudor Dynasty came to an end • Elizabeth I died (1603) • Stuart Dynasty begins • James I (cousin) ascended to the throne • “Divine right of Kings”
James I • “The state of monarchy is the supremest thing upon earth ... Kings are justly called Gods, for that they exercise a manner or resemblance of divine power upon earth. For if you will consider the attributes to God, you shall see how they agree in the person of a king. God has power to create, or destroy, make, or unmake at his pleasure, to give life, or send death, to judge all, and to be judged nor accountable to none…”
Causes of the CIVIL WAR • Religion • Money • Power
James I • Recusancy Act – Catholics were punished for not attending Anglican services or activities • Gunpowder Plot –Catholics plan to blow up Parliament (on 5th November 1605) • Guy Fawkes (13 total conspirators) • Upset the Puritans as well
Causes of the CIVIL WAR (cont.) • Charles I (son) • Needed $ for wars • taxes. • Tried to impose uniformity on church services – Anglican Book of Common Prayer for both England & Scotland Some Puritans travelled to America so that they could settle there and follow their own religion freely.
Civil war (1642) • (Royalists or Cavaliers) vs (Parliamentarians or Roundheads). • Oliver Cromwell led Parliament to victory! (New Model Army) • Purged Parliament – Rump Parliament • Executed Charles I (Voted 68-67) • Cromwell 1st set up a commonwealth then a military dictatorship.
Restoration – 1660 • HOUSE OF STUART (RESTORED) • Charles II (son) is put on the throne. Charles the II hid as a child in an oak tree to avoid capture!!! Parliament regained power
Charles’ brother becameKing • James II became the next king • Once more made religion a cause of conflict Why didn’t Parliament do anything? He was old and had two Protestant daughters. He has a son with a Catholic wife!
The Glorious Revolution • English noblemen invite William of Orange & his wife Mary (James’ daughter) to invade. • James, his wife, and young son flee to France. • William & Mary are offered the throne with conditions. English Bill of Rights This gave Parliament its power Destroyed the Theory of Divine Rights !
France under Louis XIV • Louis XIV – Is the best example of an Absolute Ruler. • His reign of 72 years and 110 days is one of the longest in French and European history
Absolutism • An autocracy, or rule by a single person. • This person was not to be questioned or disobeyed; this became known as "absolutism," since the monarch ruled with "absolute" power, that is, unshared power.
How did Louie maintain his absolute power? • Kept officials at Versailles so he could watch them • Removed nobles & royals from the royal council • Kept everyone busy at Versailles with court life • Attempted to stamp out Protestantism
Louis XIV effect • The princes of Europe began to imitate France and Louis XIV in everything from taste in art, food and fashion to political systems.
