Poetry

1. Poetry • Rhythmical composition, written or spoken, for exciting pleasure by beautiful, imaginative, or elevated thoughts. • In today’s world it would be some musical lyrics

2. Speaker in Poetry • NOT the poet!!!!!!!! • Speaker is just like any narrator in any story you read…. • It’s a short story in a way • The narrator is telling you about something • A scene • A lover • A battle

3. Concrete Poem • A poem with a visual component • The words take shape to tell an additional meaning to the poem

4. Free Verse vs. Blank Verse • Free Verse • Rhythmical lines varying in length, adhering to no fixed metrical pattern, and usually unrhymed. • Looks random but IS NOT • Blank Verse • Unrhymed lines • Iambic pentameter

5. Sonnet • A closed, fixed form, fourteen-line poem, predominantly in iambic pentameter • A combination of quatrains and a couplet or an octave and a sestet • Think Shakespeare (he wrote 154 and most of them are well known) • Italian Sonnets • An octave and a sestet • Different Rhyme Scheme • Less common

6. Haiku • 3 unrhymed lines, themed around nature • 5,7,5 syllables in the lines • Darkness of shadows Not a sound reverberates An eerie silence

7. Ode • a lyric poem typically of elaborate and expressive of enthusiastic emotion. • O wild West Wind, thou breath of Autumn's being,Thou, from whose unseen presence the leaves deadAre driven, like ghosts from an enchanter fleeing,Yellow, and black, and pale, and hectic red,Pestilence-stricken multitudes: O thou,Who chariotest to their dark wintry bedThe winged seeds, where they lie cold and low,Each like a corpse within its grave, untilThine azure sister of the Spring shall blowHer clarion o'er the dreaming earth, and fill(Driving sweet buds like flocks to feed in air)With living hues and odors plain and hill:Wild Spirit, which art moving everywhere;Destroyer and preserver; hear, oh, hear! “Ode to the West Wind” by Percy Bysshe Shelley

8. Alliteration • the repetition of initial sounds • Bring me my bow of burning gold

9. Allusion • A reference to a well- known person, myth, historical event, story, etc. • “This place is like a Garden of Eden.” • “Don’t act like a Romeo in front of her.”

10. Assonance • Repetition of vowel sounds • “He gives his harness bells a shakeTo ask if there is some mistake.The only other sound’s the sweepOf easy wind and downy flake.The woods are lovely, dark and deep.But I have promises to keep,And miles to go before I sleep,And miles to go before I sleep.”

11. Consonance • Repetition of consonant sounds within a word • Shelley sells shells by the seashore. • T’was later when the summer wentThan when the cricket came,And yet we knew that gentle clockMeant nought but going home.‘T was sooner when the cricket wentThan when the winter came,Yet that pathetic pendulumKeeps esoteric time.

12. Couplet • A pair of rhymed lines, that occur together, to complete a thought. “But if thou live, remember’d not to be, Die single, and thine image dies with thee.” “One tender Sigh of hers to see me languish, Will more than pay the price of my past anguish.”

13. Hyperbole • Figure of speech that uses exaggeration for emphasis or humorous effect. • Old Mr. Johnson has been teaching here since the Stone Age. • Forget knocking it out of the park, Frank can knock a baseball off the continent. • Allie has a million pairs of shoes in her closet.

14. Idiom • Phrase or expression that has a meaning that differs from its literal meaning (sometimes called a figure of speech). • Give an arm and a leg • Penny for your thoughts • Grass is always greener • Don’t cry over spilt milk

15. Imagery • sensory content of poems; appeals to the five senses.

16. Irony • without using figures of speech, speakers may use this device, saying things that are not to be taken literally, forming a contrast. • verbal irony - contrast between what is said and what is meant. • He died a thousand deaths. • dramatic irony - contrast between what is intended and what is accomplished.

17. Metaphor • items from different classes are implicitly compared, WITHOUT a connective • She is the rose, the glory of the day.

18. Onomatopoeia • Words that imitate sounds • Hiss • Buzz • Snap

19. Personification • Human characteristics are given to an animal or object • The teddy bear hugged the child… • The tree caressed the water…

20. Repetition (Patterned) • Repeating the same sounds, words, phrases, or lines for the purpose of making a deeper impression on the audience. • Because I do not hope to turn againBecause I do not hopeBecause I do not hope to turn…

21. Rhetorical Question • Question that is asked for the purpose of reflection, or to make a point- an answer is not expected • “Who knows?” • “Are you stupid?” • “Ok?” • “Why not?”

22. Rhyme • repetition of identical or similar sounds • Upon the morning’s walk I did unto you talk About the rain a fortnight ago And how it ever rained so • Rhyme Scheme • Varying patterns of rhyme • Last words of lines • Vowel sounds

23. Rhythm • stresses at regular intervals. • Iambic Pentameter • “iam”- one unstressed syllable followed by one stressed syllable. • pentameter- 5 “feet”

24. Simile • items from different classes are compared by a connective • Like, as, than • New York is like Chicago • She is like the rose

25. Stanza • A grouping of two or more lines of poetry. Stanzas in poetry are comparable to paragraphs.

26. Symbolism • A symbol is a person, place, object or action that stands for something beyond itself.

27. Tone • The feeling and emotion that an author puts into a poem/story through their choice in words • The dark forest reeked of death and terror. • The happy chipmunk frolicked through the meadow.