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South American History: Chibcha to Independence

Explore origins of Chibcha, Inca contributions, the Columbian Exchange, Spanish & Portuguese settlements, and SA's colonial era to independence.

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South American History: Chibcha to Independence

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  1. CHAPTER 12 SECTION 2 HISTORY & CULTURE

  2. BR #3 (PGS.263-264) • 1) Who were the Chibcha? • 2) What were 4 contributions of the Incas, some of which can still be seen today? • 3) What was the Columbian exchange?

  3. ANSWERS TO BR #2 • 1) An early South American Kingdom in the Columbian Andes who developed gold-working skills • 2) Paved roads, suspension bridges, stone construction (still seen in Cuzco, Peru the Inca capital), terraced fields braced by stone walls (still in use today) • 3) The exchange of plants & animals between Europe & SA following the arrival of Columbus in the Americas

  4. EARLY HISTORY • 1)Hunters-Gatherers entered SA 12,000 years ago, farming began 5,000 yrs. ago • 2) The Inca founded SA’s greatest early civilization • 3) The Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizarro conquered the Incas in the 1530’s, destroyed their empire & rebuilt Spanish style architecture on the ruins • 4) They built a new capital, Lima,on the coast

  5. SPANISH SETTLEMENT • 1)Spain received rights to the western part of SA in a treaty with Portugal • 2) Set up a system of landed estates, put the Indian peoples into slave labor • 3) The Columbian Exchange began • 4) The Indian population was nearly eliminated by a combination of European diseases, overwork, & lost battles in wars against the Spainards

  6. 5) Spanish influence spread across SA & latifundias (large estates) began to show up all over the continent Portugese Settlement • They settled in what is now Brazil & set up large plantations with sugarcane becoming the chief crop-they continued to expand southward & this movement led to the growth of cities like Sao Paulo & Rio de Janeiro

  7. Colonial Era and Independence • Spain abandoned her SA colonies & the borders of the newly independent Countries mostly followed the borders created during the colonial period • Uruguay was created as a buffer state (a small country between 2 larger, more powerful countries) between Argentina & Brazil while British Guiana became Guyana(1966) & Dutch Guyana became Suriname(1975)

  8. HW #2 (PGS.266-267) • 1)List the majority ethnic makeup & % of A) Argentina B) Bolivia C) Paraguay • 2A) What is the main language of SA? B) What is Brazil’s main language? • 3)What are 3 major cities in SA that also are large seaports? • 4)What is the major religion of SA? • 5)Define:A) coup B) manioc C) gauchos

  9. ANSWERS TO HW #2 • 1A) Europeans-97% B) Indians-55% C) Mestizos-95% • 2A) Spanish B) Portugese • 3A) Buenos Aires B) Lima C) Rio de Janeiro • 4) Catholic • 5A)Taking power from a government by force B) Tropical plant with starchy roots C) Cowboys of Argentina

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