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Brainstem I

Brainstem I. Medical Neuroscience Dr. Wiegand. Brainstem Lectures. Brainstem I External structure Cerebellum Cranial nerves Brainstem II Internal structure Cranial nerve nuclei Reticular formation Location of selected tracts. basis. tegmentum. tectum. midbrain. pons.

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Brainstem I

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  1. Brainstem I Medical Neuroscience Dr. Wiegand

  2. Brainstem Lectures • Brainstem I • External structure • Cerebellum • Cranial nerves • Brainstem II • Internal structure • Cranial nerve nuclei • Reticular formation • Location of selected tracts

  3. basis tegmentum tectum midbrain pons medulla oblongata pyramid cerebellum Brainstem Organization

  4. Ventral Brainstem • Cerebral peduncles • Interpeduncular fossa • Basilar pons • Pyramids & decussation • Olives • Anterior median fissure • Olivary sulci • Bulbopontine sulcus • Cerebellar angle

  5. Dorsal Brainstem • Colliculi & brachia • Cerebellar peduncles • Rhomboid fossa • Tuberculum Gracilis • Tuberculum Cuneatus • Tuberculum Cinereum

  6. “Open” vs. “Closed” Medulla

  7. Dorsal Brainstem – Rhomboid Fossa • Isthmus • Velum • Obex • Posterior median sulcus • Medial eminence • Facial colliculus • Sulcus limitans • Stria Medullares • Trigones • Hypoglossal • Vagal

  8. Cerebellum • Outgrowth of pons • Connects to brainstem through cerebellar peduncles • Functions • Muscle tone regulation • Coordinated movement • Postural control • Motor learning

  9. Cerebellum • Cerebellar cortex surrounding white matter • Series of fissures and folia

  10. Vermis Floculonodular lobe Anterior lobe Fissures Posterior lobe Tonsils Cerebellum

  11. Cranial Nerve Functional Classifications • GSE – motor innervation of somatic musculature • SVE – motor innervation of branchiomeric musculature • GVE – motor innervation of viscera • GVA – sensory input from viscera • SVA – taste and smell sensory input • GSA – general somatosensory input • SSA – special senses of vision and hearing/balance

  12. I II III IV V VI VIII VII IX XII X XI

  13. I, II Cranial Nerves – Telencephalon & Diencephalon • Olfactory – • smell (SVA) • Optic – • vision (SSA)

  14. III, IV Cranial Nerves –Mesencephalon • Oculomotor – • extraocular eye muscles (GSE) • PSNS to eye (GVE) • Trochlear – • extraocular muscle (sup. oblique) (GSE)

  15. V, VI Cranial Nerves –Metencephalon • Trigeminal – • Muscles of mastication (SVE) • General sensation of the head and face (GSA) • Abducens – • extraocular muscle (lat. rectus) (GSE)

  16. VII, VIII Cranial Nerves –Metencephalon • Facial – • Facial expression muscles (SVE) • Glands (submandibular, sublingual & lacrimal) (GVE) • Taste (SVA) • General sensation of ear (GSA) • Vestibulocochlear – • Hearing and balance (SSA)

  17. IX Cranial Nerves –Mylencephalon • Glossopharyngeal • Stylopharyngeus muscle (SVE) • PSNS to parotid gland (GVE) • Taste (SVA) • Carotid body sensation (GVA) • General sensation from ear & tongue (GSA)

  18. X Cranial Nerves –Mylencephalon • Vagus • Muscles of larynx & pharynx (SVE) • PSNS to thorax and upper abdomen (GVE) • Sensory from viscera (GVA) • General sensation from ear (GSA) • Taste (SSA)

  19. XI, XII Cranial Nerves –Mylencephalon • Accessory – • innervates trapezius and sternocleidomastoid (SVE or GSE) • Hypoglossal – • tongue muscles (GSE)

  20. Cranial Nerve Groups • Parasympathetic • III, VII, IX, X • Motor • III, IV, VI, XI, XII • Sensory • I, II, VIII • Mixed • V, VII, IX, X

  21. Descending Pathway • Pyramidal or Corticospinal

  22. Ascending Pathways • Dorsal Column/Medial Lemniscal Pathway • Anterolateral System • Spinocerebellar Tracts

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