Active readers should: Burn 2x more calories than when sleeping

2. Active Reading – Constantly thinking about what you are reading, including visualizing, predicting, clarifying, connecting, evaluating, and reviewing. • Active readers should: • Burn 2x more calories than when sleeping • Activate several regions of the brain, including motor and sensory regions • Experience increased brain connectivity for days afterward

3. The Point Sticky -Write down main ideas, important details or info, and topic sentences. -You should be able to write a summary from just this sticky. -Have all keyword nouns and verbs listed on here. SHOWS UNDERSTANDING Go Deeper Sticky -Write down meaningful detail/words with connotations -Make inferences from these details about text, author, culture, or universal experiences. SHOWS CRITICAL THINKING Me Sticky -Write down connections to other books, movies, or plays -Write questions or confusing parts -Connect to your life or lives around you in community SHOWS RELATIONSHIPS Craft Sticky -Write down important literary devices -Write down what the author does well in writing style -Write down what the author does poorly in writing style SHOWS EVALUATION

4. The Point Sticky Three little pigs build houses out of various materials: straw, sticks, and brick. A big, bad wolf keeps blowing down the houses, but he can’t blow down the last one. SHOWS UNDERSTANDING Go Deeper Sticky Houses were of inconsistent quality in this time period. The author believed people needed to think ahead and invest in quality. There’s always someone who wants to take advantage. SHOWS CRITICAL THINKING Me Sticky I wonder what made the one pig smarter and better than the others—upbringing, genes, access? Reminds me of Nat. Amer. coyote. Isn’t this the cycle of life? SHOWS RELATIONSHIPS Craft Sticky Good because author uses motif of three for effectiveness. Prey/predator relationship easy to understand, makes good characters. Irony at the end when wolf is eaten. SHOWS EVALUATION

5. INFORM To tell/share highly factual information Little to no author bias present No action or belief required of reader Examples: many newspaper stories and textbooks

6. PERSUADE Relates information but may be less factual or one-sided Contains author bias or opinion Makes clear an action needed or a belief reader should share Examples: opinion pieces, writing prompts, editorials

7. ENTERTAIN May relate highly emotional information, some of which may not be true or factual Focus on emotion more than bias—you feel something while reading Does not have an action/belief for reader beyond enjoying the piece Examples: funny news stories or commentaries, fiction

8. Look up definition for “structure” and write it down in your booklet. Be prepared to share.

9. Question and Answer Definition: author asks a question early in text and remaining text seeks to answers this question. May provide one definitive answer or more often explore multiple possible answers. May feel less focused because it is exploring. Key Words: question, answer, inquiry A A Q A

10. Main Idea and Example Definition: author makes a statement and lists examples or highly specific supporting detail. Do not confuse with other types! Eliminate other possibilities first. May feel like listing. Lots of similar information very quickly. Key Words: example Idea / Statement Example Example Example

11. Compare and Contrast Definition: author mostly seeks to clarify how elements are similar and/or different Explores differences/similarities, not just listing Focus goes back and forth between different elements being compared and contrasted Key Words: compare, similarities, differences, words ending in –er, -ier, or –est for comparing, than

12. Chronological Definition: author presents events, information, or steps in order of time. Mostly beginning to end formulation. Feels highly organized by time. Paragraphs/sentences could not be easily moved. Key Words: words for time (first, then, now, second, after, next) Subject / Topic 1. _________ 2. _________ 3. _________

13. Cause and Effect Definition: focus is on proving or explaining a relationship: one element causes or follows another element. May focus more on cause or more on effect. DOES NOT OFFER A SOLUTION. Key Words: cause, effect (noun), affect (verb), leads to Effect Cause Effect Effect

14. Problem and Solution Definition: author identifies a problem, often through cause/effect type structure. Author then offers a solution. Focus must be on solving the problem. May offer more than one solution. Key Words: problem, solution, solve, help Effect Cause Solution Effect Effect

15. Paraphrase Look up “paraphrase” in a dictionary. Write in your own words what you think paraphrase means to you.

16. Plagiarism • Read the article and then define plagiarism in your own words.

17. Quote • A phrase or sentence taken word-for-word from a text. • Must be put in quotation marks!!! • No writing of your own should be word for word similar in any way beyond essential noun of topic to a sentence from a source. • Does not need to be dialogue—any writing taken direct from any text is a quote.

18. Citation • “Quote” (Last Name of Author, Pg. #). Note: end punctuation goes after parentheses If author is unknown, list organization or website Ex: A citation can be defined as, “a reference to a published or unpublished source” (wikipedia.com). According to Popular Science, “life on such worlds can no longer be considered impossible” (Lemonick, 58).

19. Working with Quotes • Use intro phrases • For example, the article states, “Quote” (Citation). • The character declares, “Quote” (Citation). • The author writes, “Quote” (Citation). • Work into your writing - Citation is defined as “Quote” (Citation). - The character declared her “love for pineapple pancakes dipped in chocolate” (Citation).

20. Summary • Look up the definition. Write in your own words.

21. Bias 85% of spending on medical studies are poorly designed, researched, and reported due to bias.

22. Objective v. Subjective Objective: based solely on reality and fact. It is entirely text based. It does not add or imply personal opinion. It discusses content honestly. Subjective: based or colored by personal interpretation. May be text based, but a personal opinion is added or implied, sometimes by word choice. It may not honestly discuss the content, ex: takes out of context.

23. Meaning of Words Denotation: literal dictionary definition for a word Example: homeless means a person without a home

24. Meaning of Words Connotation: implied feeling or idea in addition to literal definition Example: Bum and hobo mean a negative person without a home, but it implies fault and laziness

25. Connotation

26. Connotation

27. Real Ex.: Trayvon Martin Case

28. Hierarchy Definition: a system of ranking authority, power, influence, or other factors from high levels to low levels.

29. Topic Sentence: most important, main idea sentence in a paragraph, including key noun and verbs. Should summarize the entire paragraph. All other sentences should pertain to this sentence. Typically the most general sentence. Often at start. Sub-Detail: highly specific detail, facts, examples, and information that elaborates and expands on supporting ideas. The most specific parts of the paragraph. Supporting Idea: a slightly more specific idea that begins to outline/explain support for the topic sentence. Sub-Detail: highly specific detail, facts, examples, and information that elaborates and expands on supporting ideas. The most specific parts of the paragraph. Supporting Idea: a slightly more specific idea that begins to outline/explain support for the topic sentence. Sub-Detail: highly specific detail, facts, examples, and information that elaborates and expands on supporting ideas. The most specific parts of the paragraph. Supporting Idea: a slightly more specific idea that begins to outline/explain support for the topic sentence.

31. CONTEXT CLUES • Synonyms: His decision to cheat abased or lowered his reputation with teachers. • Cause/Effect: His cheating abased his reputation, leading to a poor recommendation. • Example: Cheating, lying, and stealing will permanently abase your character. • Antonyms: She refused to let them abase her character by volunteering twenty hours per week. • Context: The prosecutor tried to abase the defendant’s standing with the jury.

32. Sentence Types • Simple Sentence: one set of people doing one set of things. Ex: The teacher and students attended and listened to the assembly.

33. Sentence Types • Compound Sentence: two sets of people doing two sets of things. May be the same set from previously but is reintroduced. Basically two complete sentences combined. Ex: The teacher and students attended and listened to the assembly, and then the teacher and students headed back to class. Ex: The teacher and students attended and listened to the assembly; then the teacher and students headed back to class.

34. Sentence Types • Complex Sentence: one set of people doing one set of things with a dependent clause listing another set doing things that are less important and not an independent sentence. Ex: The teacher and students attended and listened to the assemblybecause it was important. Ex: Then the teacher and students headed back to class where they planned to finish out the period.