Wireless Sensor Networks and Applications

1. Wireless Sensor Networks and Applications Cauligi S. Raghavendra Department of Electrical Engineering University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA 90089 raghu@usc.edu http://ceng.usc.edu/~raghu General Dynamics Meeting

2. Wireless Sensor Networks • Wireless Sensor Networks is one of the top 10 Technologies that will change the World in 21st Century • According to MIT Technology Review • Researchers at USC and ISI Pioneered the field of Sensor Information Technology • DARPA and NSF have Programs and Initiatives in Sensor Networks General Dynamics Meeting

3. Centers, Activities, and Projects • USC is a Partner in UCLA’s Center for Embedded Networked Sensing (CENS) • NSF Science and Technology Center • Director: Prof. Deborah Estrin, UCLA • USC SoE Sensing Systems Cluster • http://www.usc.edu/dept/engineering/research/sensornetworks.html • USC Center for Robotics and Embedded Systems (CRES) • Director: Maja Mataric, USC • Several Ongoing Projects in EE and CS General Dynamics Meeting

4. Some Sensor Nodes General Dynamics Meeting

5. Characteristics of Sensor Networks • Sensor Nodes – Limited Battery Life • Capacity – CPU, Memory • Limited Software Support • Ad Hoc Networks with Low Bandwidth • No Network Infrastructure • Link Quality – Fading and Interference • Deployment – Less Control General Dynamics Meeting

6. Research Challenges • Interdisciplinary Research • Application Aware Research • New Networking Paradigms and Protocols • Self Organization and Localization • Incomplete and Inaccurate Field Data • Energy Efficient Algorithms and Protocols • Embedded Environments and Deployment General Dynamics Meeting

7. Research in School of Engineering • EE, CSCI, CE, BME Departments, and ISI • Profs. Helmy, Krishnamachari, Kumar, Lee, Mitra, Mendel, Narayanan, Ortega, Prasanna, Raghavendra • Profs. Govindan, Sukhatme, Requicha • Profs. J. Caffrey, E. Johnson, S. Masri • Dr. Heidemann and others at ISI General Dynamics Meeting

8. Sensor Nets for Search and Rescue Inactive Sensor General Dynamics Meeting

9. Sensor Nets for Search and Rescue General Dynamics Meeting

10. Sensor Nets for Search and Rescue Active Sensor General Dynamics Meeting

11. Situation Awareness Squad Periodic Voice Traffic Internet Connectivity to Mission HQ Energy Efficient one-to-all and All-to-all Broadcasting Algorithms 100-300% Improvement for Situation Awareness in Ad hoc Networks General Dynamics Meeting

12. Power Aware Computing and Commn. Task Algorithm Protocol Physical Multi-Level Power Management in Distributed Battlesite/Sensor Network (PAC/C Program) General Dynamics Meeting

13. Distributed Computation in Sensor Networks Application: Target Detection Selection / Query Multiple nodes Sense data and Coordinate • Power Aware Node Selection • Task Allocation • Collaboration • Signal Processing • Wireless Communication T2 T3 T1 T5 T4 Non-participating node Selected node General Dynamics Meeting

14. Sensor database provided by the Army Research Laboratory (acoustic and seismic) Microphone arrays are typically 4 ft – 8 ft in diameter, not restricted to a specific geometry Inexpensive, passive and non-line of sight capabilities Acoustic Sensors Acoustic Sensor Array - RNADS Courtesy of N. Srour, Army Research Lab General Dynamics Meeting

15. Spatio-Temporal Correlation in Sensor Data Compress data to reduce storage and communication bandwidth! General Dynamics Meeting

16. A Distributed Algorithm for Waking-up in Heterogeneous Sensor Networks Detecting tripwires run distributed algorithm => choose K optimal trackers Event occurs N tripwires detect event wake-up chosen trackers RESULTS General Dynamics Meeting

17. False Alarm Detection in Wireless Sensor Network Binary subband search Linear search is slow • It is possible detected signal is due to noise • Processing such noise data leads to unnecessary use of resources • False alarm detection help to save energy significantly • In search iteration, pick the subband with larger energy and compare with a threshold • Negative if greater than the threshold • Report false alarm in the end Energy in subbands are evenly distributed (no variation) General Dynamics Meeting

18. Traffic shaping to mitigate Hotspots Cluster based Traffic Shaping • Cluster • Scheduled data collection within cluster • Data Combination (DC) • Packet size vs. Packet number • Rate Adaptation (RA) • Adapt rate according to latency bound • Traffic Dispersal (TD) • Spread data traffic away from hot spot General Dynamics Meeting

19. Structural Health Monitoring • Goal: Design sensor networks for improving the safety of structures (buildings, bridges, ships, aircraft, spacecraft) • Research focuses: • Local excitation based damage identification • System components for fine-grain structural monitoring • Multi-disciplinary effort: • John Caffrey (CE),Ramesh Govindan (CS),Erik Johnson (CE),Bhaskar Krishnamachari (EE),Sami Masri (CE),Gaurav Sukhatme (CS) General Dynamics Meeting

20. Courses and Conferences • ACM Wireless Sensor Networks and Applications Workshop • IEEE SECON Conf. in October 2004 • Edited Book on Wireless Sensor Networks • Pertinent Courses Offered: • Advanced Topics in Computer Networks and Distributed Systems (Prof. Ramesh Govindan, CS 694) • Wireless Sensor Networks (Prof. Bhaskar Krishnamachari, EE 652) • Intelligent Embedded Systems (Prof. Gaurav Sukhatme, CS 546) • Wireless Networking, Design and Analysis Laboratory (Prof. Ahmed Helmy, EE 599) General Dynamics Meeting

21. Faculty Contact Information • A. Helmy, helmy@usc.edu, (213) 821-1329 • B. Krishnamachari, bkrishna@usc.edu, (213) 821-2528 • V. Kumar, vijayk@usc.edu, (213) 740-4668 • D. Lee, dclee@usc.edu, (213) 740-0882 • U. Mitra, ubli@usc.edu, (213) 740-4667 • J. Mendel, mendel@sipi.usc.edu, (213) 740-4445 • S. Narayanan, shri@sipi.usc.edu, (213) 740-6432 • A. Ortega, ortega@sipi.usc.edu, (213)740- • V. Prasanna, prasanna@usc.edu, (213) 740-4483 • C. Raghavendra, raghu@usc.edu, (213) 740-9133 • R.Govindan, ramesh@usc.edu, (213) 740-4509 • G. Sukhatme, gaurav@usc.edu, (213) 740-0218u • A. Requicha, requicha@lepari.usc.edu, (213) 740-4502 • J. Caffrey, (213) 740-0603 • E. Johnson, johnsonE@usc.edu, (213) 740-0610 • S. Masri, masri@usc.edu, (213) 740-0602 • J. Heidemann, johnh@isi.edu, (310) 448-8708 General Dynamics Meeting