English for Building and Construction Engineering

1. English for Building and Construction Engineering Unit Four Superstructure (5) Part One Section B International School of Technical Education

2. Section B Framed Structure Learning Objectives • Be able to understand concrete work process; • Be able to understand difficult sentences in the text and translate them into Chinese; • use the correct terminology in the description of concrete work.

3. Concrete Work

4. Concrete Work • 1. foundation treatment / site screed • 2. fixing reinforcement • 3. erecting formwork / template supporting • 4. cast concrete • 5. concrete surface finish / removing concrete laitance • 6. concrete curing

5. Concrete Work • The group of pictures shows the concrete-work process on site. They are all related to each other. The first picture is the fundamental step for all construction. It is the site screed. The second one is the step for reinforcement concrete. It shows the workers are fixing reinforcement on site. The third one tells us the formwork erection. It is important for concrete work for concrete must be cast and hardened in it. The fourth one describes the concrete casting on site. The fifth one shows the concrete surface finishing. Before concrete is hardened, the surface must be made smooth and laitance be removed. The sixth one shows the concrete curing which is very important step to ensure concrete quality. The pictures show the basic steps in the construction of concrete work.

6. Concrete Work Placing or pouring concrete Tamping concrete Compacting concrete Consolidating hardcore

7. Concrete construction process cement Aggregate crushing, sieving, washing Concrete mixing ballast water admixture Reinforcement fabrication and fixing Pouring concrete curing Striking formwork Formwork fabrication and fixing Formwork repairing

8. A Slump Test for Concrete Consistency

9. A Slump Test for Concrete Consistency • The hollow metal cone is filled with concrete and tamped with rod according to a standard procedure. The cone is carefully lifted off, allowing the wet concrete to slump under its own weight. The slump in inches measured in the manner shown.

10. Workability slump test Dry concrete —too stiff to pour and compact Low slump Workable concrete Medium slump Wet concrete — too weak High slump

11. Cube test Cube tested to destruction Concrete test cube

12. Analyze Difficult Points • 1) Concrete is good in compression but will crack and shear under tension. 混凝土抗压性能好，但是在拉力下会断裂或剪切变形。 • 2) The structure drawings for the building are sent to the precasting plant, where engineers and drafters prepare shop drawings that show all the dimensions and details of the individual elements and how they are to be connected. 建筑结构图送往预制厂，预制厂的工程师和绘图员绘制出构件施工图，标出每个部件的尺寸、细节及部件间如何联接。 shop drawing: 制造图，施工图

13. Analyze Difficult Points • 3) These drawings are reviewed by the engineer and architect for conformance with their design intentions and corrected as necessary. • 工程师和建筑师审阅施工图，确保施工图与他们的设计意图相符，必要时做出修改。 • conformance with: 与……一致 • 4) The finished elements, marked to designate their positions in the building, are transported to the construction site as needed and placed by crane in accordance with erection drawings prepared by the precasting plant. • 浇筑好的构件要标示出它们在建筑物中的位置，根据需要运送到现场并按照预制厂的安装图用塔吊吊装到指定位置进行安装。

14. Assignments • 1. Read the text. • 2. Translate the text into Chinese. • 3. Preview Part Two