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Roman Numerals

Roman Numerals. By Amber K. Wozniak. What are Arabic Numerals?. Briefly, Arabic numeration is the technical term for the numerals that we use. The numeral figures include 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and the 0 (zero). What are Roman Numerals?.

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Roman Numerals

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  1. Roman Numerals By Amber K. Wozniak

  2. What are Arabic Numerals? • Briefly, Arabic numeration is the technical term for the numerals that we use. • The numeral figures include 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and the 0 (zero).

  3. What are Roman Numerals? • Roman numeration is a base ten system. This is shown in the way people count by fingers (there are 10 fingers to two hands). • Roman numerals are the letters I, V, X, L, C, D, and M combined in specific orders to represent numbers.

  4. What’s so Great about Roman Numerals? • Roman numerals are found on clock faces, buildings, some gravestones, and the pages that preface chapters of a book. • Knowing how to write out Roman numerals will help you understand addition and subtraction better.

  5. The Figures • I: 1 • V: 5 • X: 10 • L: 50 • C: 100 • D: 500 • M: 1000 *Something extra: Adding a line above any figure other than I means that you multiply that numeral by 1,000

  6. Rules of Roman Numerals • Never put more than three of the same figure together. • Placing a numeral to the left of a larger numeral, like IV, it means that one is taken away, or subtracted, from five. • It is not IIII, but IV • A numeral subtracted can only be two place values away from the larger numeral. • You can not take 1 away from 50 to get 49. You must take 40 (50-10) and combine it with 9 (10-1)

  7. Example 1 • Converting Arabic numerals into its Roman numeral, using addition properties • 3 = III (1+1+1) • 6 = VI (5+1) • 57 = LVII (50+5+1+1) • 231 = CCXXXI (100+100+10+10+10+1)

  8. Example 2 • Converting Arabic numerals into Roman numerals, using rules for subtraction • 4 =IV (5-1 or 1 taken away from 5) • 9 =IX(9-1 or 1 taken away from 10) • 40 =XL (50-10 or 10 taken away from 50) • 199 =CXCIX (100+[100-10]+[10-1])

  9. Practice converting Roman and Arabic numerals from one to the other • Roman numerals to Arabic form • Arabic form to Roman numerals

  10. Web Sites to visit for more practice or any extra information you would like to look at • Nova Roma • Math Forum • Legion XXIV • Cool Math 4 Kids • Roman Numerals Quiz • Learning Roman Numerals

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