Civil War Reconstruction: Impact, Challenges, and Social Improvements

1. Monday February 2, 2009 When finished retrieve your Civil War Atlas packet from the class bin and Nystrom Atlas. Continue to complete your packet.

2. F.Y.I. WRITEIN YOUR AGENDA: Civil War-Reconstruction Test Friday February 6th

3. Tuesday February 3, 2009 • What was one negative effect of the Civil War? • What was one positive of the Civil War? **If you still have not completed your Civil War atlas packet, you have until the end of Channel One to complete it!

4. Wednesday September 12, 2012 • Make a Prediction: • What problems do you think the United States might have faced after the Civil War?

5. Reconstruction Period Rebuilding a Nation

6. What was the Reconstruction Period? • the period after the American Civil War when the southern states were reorganized and reintegrated into the Union • 1865-1877

7. Impact of the Civil War • Many Southern cities and homes were destroyed by the Union’s cannons. • The Southern economy was devastated by destruction of agricultural land and the lose of African American slaves. • More than $4 billion worth of property was destroyed by the war. • Union (North) lost nearly one in every five soldiers. • Confederates (South) lost nearly one in every four soldiers.

8. New Southern Voters • Carpetbaggers • Northerners who moved south after the war • Many were former Union soldiers • Moved to the south after the Civil War hoping to make a profit • Viewed by Southerners as scum and leaches http://www.baltlantis.com/public/Carpetbagger.jpg

9. New Southern Voters • Scalawags • Southerners who joined the Republican Party after the Civil War favoring Reconstruction • Freedmen • Freed slaves.

10. Political Cartoons http://www.knowla.org/uploads/2/Encyclopedia/illustration/thumbs-md/md--the--strong--government-835.jpg

11. Thursday September 13, 2012 • Explain each of the following in your own words: • Scalawag • Carpetbagger • Freedman H/W ‘The Road to Full Participation’ http://www.cleanvideosearch.com/media/action/yt/watch?videoId=xu4PpcHxfbM&name=The+Carpetbagging+Yankees&uploadUsername=ignitelearning&hitCount=14350

12. The End of Slavery • Emancipation Proclamation • September 22, 1862 • Freed all slaves within the states that had seceded from the Union • Thirteenth Amendment • Passed January 31, 1865 • This amendment bans slavery in the United States http://ak.imgag.com/imgag/product/thumbs/3031191t.gif

13. Making a Plan • Imagine you are responsible for developing a plan to help freed men and women start a new life outside of the world of slavery. • Make a list of at least 5 issues you feel will need to be addressed to help these people.

14. The End of Slavery • Freedmen (freed slaves) began working in the tenant farming industry as sharecroppers. • Tenant Farming- Farmer who works land owned by another and pays rent either in cash or crops • Sharecropping- Farmer who works land for an owner who provides equipment and seed and receives a share of the crop

15. Sharecropping http://www.cleanvideosearch.com/media/action/yt/watch?videoId=0GAv0NVp-3k&name=Sharecropping&uploadUsername=ptchistory&hitCount=3191

16. End of SlaveryChanging Roles in Society • During slavery the work/labor was distributed evenly between male and female slaves • Many black men found work, working for white business owners • Black women began staying home with the children • Black women were required to have their husbands sign their labor contracts. • Black women began receiving wages lower than men doing the same work.

17. Friday Sept. 14, 2012 • What is sharecropping? • How did the lives of freed women vary from a life of slavery? H/W is due in the class bin! It’s Friday, put your warm-up in the bin when finished!

18. End of SlaverySocial Improvements • Congress passed the Civil Rights Act of 1866 • the law declared all persons born in the United States to be citizens, except for unassimilated Native Americans, and defined and protected citizens' civil rights

19. End of SlaverySocial Improvements • Humanitarianism- Concern for human welfare, especially as manifested through charity • Private charities and church groups tried to aid freed people • Educational institutions gave many black children and adults their first opportunity to read and write • Established black colleges and industrial schools

20. End of SlaverySocial Improvements • Fourteenth Amendment (1868) • brought freedmen citizenship and equal protection under laws.

21. End of SlaverySocial Improvements • Fifteenth Amendment (1869) • The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. • Does not include women.

22. Political Change Foldable Post-Civil War Political Change 13th Amendment 14th Amendment 15th Amendment Civil Rights Act of 1866 Using construction paper and your notes create an identify the major provisions of the legislature that effected the everyday lives of Americans. You will need 3 pieces of paper.

23. End of SlaverySocial Set Backs • Codes varied but all served the purpose of oppressing freed slaves. Some examples: • Blacks could not serve on a jury • Blacks could not testify in court against a white person • Forbid them to take up any occupation except agriculture • Could not rent land on their own • Unemployment arrest and forced labor

24. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:The_Union_as_It_Was.jpghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:The_Union_as_It_Was.jpg

25. Tuesday September 18, 2012 • What is one way the Southern government tried to prevent freed men from voting? H/W Read W.E.B. DuBois handout and complete questions

26. End of SlaverySocial Set Backs • Many laws were passed to try to deny freedmen the right to vote, even after the Fifteenth Amendment was passed. • All citizens had to pay a poll tax-$1-$2 a fee for voting • Grandfather Clause- if your grandfather or father could not vote before January 1, 1867 you could not vote. • Literacy Testing- interpret a passage, write your name, etc.

27. Social Set BacksPlessy v. Ferguson • In 1890 the state of Louisiana passed a law that required railroads to provide “equal but separate accommodations for the white and colored races. . .” • passengers could only sit in the cars of the train assigned to members of the race • refusal = removal from the train AND/OR arrest • In 1892, Homer Adolph Plessy, who was one eighth African-American, sat in the white’s only car of a train. He refused to move when asked and was arrested. • Plessy appealed to the Supreme Court saying that separate train cars violated the Fourteenth Amendment’s equalprotectionclause. http://www.peacebuttons.info/E-News/images/HomerPlessy.jpg

28. Social Set BacksPlessy v. Ferguson • Supreme Court ruled that the Fourteenth Amendment’s equal protection clause required only equalfacilities for the two races notequal access to the same facility. This is known as the “separatebutequaldoctrine”. • allowed legal segregation by race in schools, stores, restaurants, bus stations, bathrooms, water fountains and hospitals http://www.codinghorror.com/blog/images/colored-only-sign.jpg

29. Social Set BacksKu Klux Klan • A secret society organized in the South after the Civil War to reassert white supremacy by means of terrorism. • Whipped and lynched freedmen and their supporters http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/images/kkk1.jpg

30. Social Set BacksKu Klux Klan • Lynching- Execution of a presumed offender by a mob without trial, under the pretense of administering justice. • Sometimes involves torturing the victim and mutilating the body. • The Force/Enforcement Acts passed by Congress helped bring a stop to the KKK by making it illegal to interfere with voter registration, voting, office holding, or jury service of blacks

31. Voices of Civil Rights • Ida B. Wells • Ran an anti-lynching campaign • Mobilized African American women to fight rape issues http://www.medarus.org/NM/NMImages/NM-10-06_Img_Blacks/10_06_Ida_B_Wells/wells_Barnett.jpg

32. Voices of Civil Rights • Booker T. Washington • Built the Tuskegee Institute in 1881 to teach freedmen job skills • Strongly believed that freedmen needed a skill not a textbook education. http://www.nps.gov/history/museum/exhibits/tuskegee/lgimage/btwoverview.jpg

33. Voices of Civil Rights • W.E.B. DuBois • Harvard graduate with a PhD. • Demanded that freedmen needed greater opportunities for education learning beyond using their hands. • ** OPPOSITE OF BOOKER T. WASHINTON** http://www.faculty.rsu.edu/~felwell/Theorists/Dubois/Pictures/Dubois1.bmp

34. Classwork Assignment • Word Wall (5 points total) • Draw a picture relating to your word (2) • On the back explain why the picture relates to your word (1) • Include the definition (1) • Use at least 3 colors (.5) • Use the whole paper (.5)

35. Friday September 20, 2012 • What were at least 2 problems the nation had to deal with after the American Civil War? Please turn in your warm up sheet when finished!

36. Research Assignment • Following the Civil War the government felt the need to generate a plan for rebuild the nation. • In your groups, research your assigned Reconstruction Plan, and be prepared to share your findings with the class.

37. Tuesday September 25, 2012 • How can political cartoons help us understand history?

38. Thomas Nast • Nast worked at Harper's Weekly. • Though his time in the United States was limited, his cartoons have helped us chronicle the social and political problems plaguing our nation after the Civil War. • Complete a political cartoon analysis of your assigned Nast cartoon.

39. Wednesday September 26, 2012 • What did Lincoln want the Southern states to do in order to be forgiven? Take an oath of loyalty

40. Presidential Reconstruction Plans

41. Lincoln Makes Plans • President Lincoln began working on the changes of reconstruction before the Civil War had even ended. • Emancipation Proclamation • September 22, 1862 • Freed all slaves within the states that had seceded from the Union • Thirteenth Amendment • Passed January 31, 1865 • This amendment bans slavery in the United States http://www.plymouthhistory.org/images/lincoln_abraham_photograph.jpg

42. Lincoln’s 10% Plan • Lincoln’s Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction called for: • a general amnesty, or pardon, to all Southerners who took an oath of loyalty to the United States and accepted the Thirteenth Amendment. • After ten percent of the state’s voters in the 1860 presidential election had taken the oath, the state could organize a new state government http://www.plymouthhistory.org/images/lincoln_abraham_photograph.jpg

43. President Lincoln’s Assassination • President Lincoln was assassinated 6 days after the Civil War ended on April 14, 1865. • John Wilkes Booth, an actor from Virginia and Confederate supporter shot Lincoln in the back of the head as he sat with his wife on their private balcony at the Ford Theatre. • After shooting Lincoln, Booth jumped from the balcony onto the stage and shouted “Sic sempertyrannis” (thus be to tyrants). • Lincoln died 9 hours later. http://www.pimall.com/nais/pivintage/images/lincolnreward.jpg Oh Captain My Captain

44. Lincoln’s Assassination

45. Lincoln-Kennedy Coincidence http://www.jfklibrary.org/NR/rdonlyres/959B8D46-B5E7-40E8-A0BD-60E09229B8C3/20280/959B8D46B5E740E8A0BD60E09229B8C4.jpg http://www.plymouthhistory.org/images/lincoln_abraham_photograph.jpg

46. Kennedy-Lincoln Coincidence

47. Kennedy-Lincoln Coincidence

48. Kennedy-Lincoln Coincidence

49. Wednesday September 27, 2012 • Explain Johnson’s Reconstruction plan in your own words.

50. Vice President Andrew Johnson • After Lincoln’s death Vice President Andrew Johnson was sworn in as President. • His presidency was difficult. • He spent much of his time disagreeing with Congress. • Many felt that he should not have been sworn in as President because it is not specifically explained in the Constitution. http://www.historyplace.com/specials/calendar/docs-pix/ajohnson.jpg