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Summary on Status of NA Development Projects and Studies: Oct 2018

This document provides an overview of the current status and upcoming developments in ALMA projects as of October 2018. It covers enhancements to receivers, correlators, and data processing capabilities, along with proposed upgrades to improve sensitivity and bandwidth for better scientific outcomes. The text outlines specific projects, such as the ALMA2030 initiative, correlator upgrades, phased approaches, and receiver improvements. It discusses recent achievements, ongoing efforts, and future directions for ALMA's development in North America. The document serves as a comprehensive summary of key initiatives shaping ALMA's evolution.

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Summary on Status of NA Development Projects and Studies: Oct 2018

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  1. Summary on Status of NA Development Projects and Studies: Oct 2018 A Short Overview Al Wootten

  2. ASAC Recommended Development Paths • Finish the Scope of ALMA (B1 + B2 +B5 receivers, VLB capability) • Detailed in ALMA Scientific Specifications and Requirements (ALMA-90.00.00.00-001-B-SPE) • ALMA2030 • 1. Improvements to the ALMA Archive: enabling gains in usability and impact for the observatory. • 2. Larger bandwidths and better receiver sensitivity: enabling gains in speed. • 3. Longer baselines: enabling qualitatively new science. • 4. Increasing wide field mapping speed: enabling efficient imaging. ASAC 18-19 Oct2018

  3. NA Development Program • A significant upgrade of the ALMA correlator • Building on a Cycle 3 Study • Phased approach begins with CUP1: additional channels, 4 bit correlation • Finishes with CUP2: doubled bandwidth as complementary hardware becomes available • ALMA Phasing Project, Phase 2 • Building on Cycle 3 & 4 Studies, APP-1 Project • a Delay Fix, • a Source Modeler, • Additional phasing bands (B7, B1), • Phasing on weak sources, • Spectral Line mode, • Single-dish VLBI Current NA Project Overview Correlator Upgrade Phase 1. Color: Current 58MHz windows, spectral lines. Red lines cannot be covered. New windows shown in light blue. . Two Projects began during FY2018. ASAC 18-19 Oct 2018

  4. NA Development Program • B3 upgrade to deliver improved TP stability • Proposed Band 6 Upgrade to provide doubled bandwidth and improved performance (Conceptual Design Review Sep 2018) Current and Proposed Project Overview • Previous Project Overview • Fiber optic connection ALMA to JAO improves PI data delivery • Expansion of the Central LO Article to 5 Subarrays • Recently delivered ADMIT and CARTA projects for improved archive use • Band2+ (suspended) • ALMA Phasing Project, Phase 1 • Band 5 LOs • Band 1 LNAs Band 3 CCA Heater Installation for Deflux Operation Fiber Optic Project Two Projects continue during FY2019. ASAC 18-19 Oct2018

  5. NA Development Program Cycle 5 Study Overview Acting on the ALMA2030 vision: • Increasing receiver sensitivity, bandwidth • Wideband Low-Noise Balanced IF Amplifiers for ALMA Band 6, with Future Application to ALMA Bands 3-10 -Kerr • Expanding/increasing ALMA's instantaneous RF bandwidth • Quantum-Limited Very-Wideband 4-Kelvin RF and IF Amplifiers for ALMA - Noroozian • Improved data characterization • Neural Network Analysis of ALMA Datasets - Merenyi • Full-field primary beam models will be developed for use in imaging software • Full-Mueller Mosaic Imaging with ALMA, PI Sanjay Bhatnagar • All discussed at 2018 URSI ALMA2030 session; presentations available. Neural Network analysis highlights departures from Keplerian disk motion in HD142527. Imaging with different antennas Four Cycle 5 Studies Commenced FY2018. ASAC 26-7 Feb 2018

  6. NA Development Program Cycle 4 Study Overview Acting on ALMA2030 vision: • Increasing receiver sensitivity, bandwidth • Upgraded ALMA B3 mixer block - Henke • 2nd generation SIS receiver development -Kerr • Expanding ALMA’s processed bandwidth • Upgrade of Backend Antenna Article to match correlator upgrade - Ford • Improved data use • Improved interactive CLEAN • Improved imaging with combined arrays • Maximizing point source sensitivity and resolution • Weak source and spectral line VLBI-merged into APP2 Project Upgraded ALMA B3 Mixer Block: Prototype balanced B3 amplifier 4-12 GHz: first prototype (dual-linear 2SB) has been machined, integrated, and tested using a B3 cartridge body; initial measurements [r] show improvements in noise. Second prototype (balanced 2SB) designed; study extended Total Power Map to Visibilities (TP2VIS) a) Joint deconvolution b) Current mode One Cycle 4 Study continues, five delivered. ASAC 26-7 Feb 2018

  7. NA Development Program ALMA Detection of Vela Pulsar at 3mm • Focus on ALMA2030 science improvements: • Correlator upgrade: • Delivering more channels, higher spectral resolution and wider bandwidth • Next generation correlator • Maximizing point source sensitivity, spatial resolution • Extending VLB phasing to B7, optimize phasing, data reduction • Enable a phased ALMA for pulsars & transients • Improved data use • Improved calibration through atmospheric spectral features (near completion) • Data cube visualization enhancements • Increased sensitivity • 2nd generation receiver mixer studies Cycle 3 Study Overview  Pulse profile of the Vela pulsar at 86 GHz, using Pipeline 1 to analyze 10 min of data. One cycle of phase is shown after folding the data at the predicted 89ms pulsar period. (Cordes+,2017) Example of applying the results after applying simulated FDM Tsys spectrum (cyan) to PI astronomy data of  calibrated Band 6 spectra of a quasar vs after applying the observed TDM Tsys (green profile). TDM application misses fine ozone line structure. Seven Cycle 3 Studies delivered. ASAC 26-7 Feb 2018

  8. Gains in ALMA Usability and Impact • Enhanced data access and usability • Three delivered NA Projects, one NA Study moved in this direction via Hardware or Software: • AOS-JAO fiber connection (HW: NA, JAO, ESO) • Improved connectivity, data flow to ARCs • ADMIT data miner (SW: Mundy, PI, U. Md, U. Illinois) • Archival spectral line data characterized for all lines • CARTA data visualizer (SW: Rosolowsky, PI, U. Alberta) • Replaces CASA viewer with enhanced functionality • ACDC Taiwan has assumed maintenance, aiming for a "preview" release in June. • Feature Extraction and Data Cube Visualization through Topology (SW: Rosen, U. S. Florida) • New visualization tools for data cubes • See report. • ALMASolar Studies (Bastian+) ADMIT line view ASAC 18-19 Oct 2018

  9. Increased spectral grasp: Speed gain • Increased bandwidth, resolution • Spectral Resolution/Bandwidth Correlator Upgrade (HW: Lacasse, NRAO) • Now an ALMA Project • New chips provide 8x channels, 4bit mode, double bandwidth to current correlator • Higher continuum, spectral line sensitivity • Broader frequency range for redshift or astrochemical searches • Velocity resolution improved, important for lower frequencies • Digital Correlation and Phased Array Architectures (HW: Weintroub, SAO) • New correlator design eventually replacing baseline correlator using modern architecture • Report published. ASAC 18-19 Oct 2018

  10. Increased sensitivity: Speed gain • Receiver Upgrades • ALMA Band 1 Production (EA+NA+UCh HW: Kemper, ASIAA) • Under way, expected availability on ALMA 2020s • ALMA Band 2 Prototype (NA EA HW: Saini, NRAO) • Built, passed Preliminary design review May2017, suspended • Report available • ALMA B5 Full Production (ESO, NA HW: Chalmers, SRON NRAO) • LOs delivered, Being installed on ALMA, available Cycle 5 • 2nd Generation ALMA Band 3 receiver (HW: Henke, NRC) • 2nd Generation ALMA Band 6 receiver (HW: Kerr, NRAO) • Report available • 2nd Generation ALMA Band 10 receiver (HW: Kerr, NRAO) • Report available • Technological Advances • Advanced Materials & On-wafer Chip Evaluation (HW: Lichtenberger, U. Va.) • Report available ASAC 18-19 Oct 2018

  11. We are excellently positioned for the next generation of ALMA SIS mixers SIS Material Systems suitable for 2nd gen ALMA • Nb/Al-AlN/Nb (B6, B7) • Nb/Al-AlN/NbTiN (B8-B10) • NbTiN/AlN/NbTiN (B10) SOI Architecture (3-5um Si chip w/beamleads) • More accurate chip size and registration to metallization • No time intensive lapping-thinning/dicing required • Close to drop in chip placement in waveguide block All NbTiN 5mV gap 0.8 mm Miscellaneous • Developing rapid, whole wafer, dc cryogenic probing/screening of mixer chips • Miscellaneous circuits (superconducting RF & IF Hybrids & LO Couplers) ASAC 18-19 Oct 2018

  12. Longer Baselines Enable Qualitatively New Science • VLB arrays • ALMA Phasing Project (NA, ESO, EA HW/SW: Doeleman, MIT +) • Offered for Cycle 6 (1 Oct 2018-30 Sept 2019) • ALMA Phasing System APP-2 (HW/SW: Matthews, MIT and others) • VLBI capability for B7, spectral lines • Pulsars, Magnetars and Transients with Phased ALMA (SW: Cordes, Cornell and others) • Phased array software for temporal monitoring; report available ASAC 18-19 Oct 2018

  13. Immediate Future • Projects • NA has two new projects, Correlator Upgrade 2 and B6v2 ready • New Call for Projects forseen Cycle 8 = FY 2021 • Anticipated dates (TBC): • Project CfPs: 1 Dec 2019 • Deadline for submission: 15 Mar 2020 • Funding start: 1 Oct 2020 • Studies • NA: Call closed 1 May 2017; four new Studies selected. • New Call planned for Cycle 7 = FY 2020 • Anticipated dates (TBC): • Study CfPs: 1 Dec 2018 • Deadline for submission: 15 Mar 2019 • Funding start: 1 Oct 2019 ASAC 18-19 Oct 2018

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