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Emotions

Emotions. Theories of Emotion. Emotions are a mix of: 1) physiological activation 2) expressive behaviors 3 ) conscious experience. James-Lange Theory of Emotion. William James and Carl Lange Theory proposes that physiological activity precedes the emotional experience.

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Emotions

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  1. Emotions

  2. Theories of Emotion Emotions are a mix of: 1) physiological activation 2) expressive behaviors 3) conscious experience.

  3. James-Lange Theory of Emotion. • William James and Carl Lange • Theory proposes that physiological activity precedes the emotional experience. • We feel emotion because of biological changes caused by stress. • The body changes and our mind recognizes the feeling.

  4. Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion • Say James-Lange theory is full of crap. • The physiological change and cognitive awareness must occur simultaneously. • They believed it was the thalamus that helped this happen.

  5. Two-Factor Theory of EmotionStanley Schachter and Jerome Singer • Our physiology and cognitions create emotions. Emotions have two factors–physical arousal and cognitive label. • People who are already physiologically aroused experience more intense emotions than unaroused people when both groups are exposed to the same stimuli. • Biology and Cognition interact with each other to increase the experience.

  6. Emotions and Autonomic Nervous System During an emotional experience, our autonomic nervous system mobilizes energy in the body that arouses us.

  7. Physiological Differences The amygdala shows differences in activation during the emotions of anger and rage. Activity of the left hemisphere (happy) is different from the right (depressed) for emotions.

  8. Cognition Can Define Emotion An arousal response to one event spills over into our response to the next event. Reuters/ Corbis

  9. Cognition Does Not Always Precede Emotion When fearful eyes were subliminally presented to subjects, fMRI scans revealed higher levels of activity in the amygdala Courtesy of Paul J. Whalen, PhD, Dartmouth College, www.whalenlab.info

  10. Expressed Emotion Emotions are expressed on the face, by the body, and by the intonation of voice. Is this non-verbal language of emotion universal?

  11. Catharsis Hypothesis Venting anger through action or fantasy achieves an emotional release or “catharsis.” Expressing anger breeds more anger, and through reinforcement it is habit-forming.

  12. Happiness • People who are happy perceive the world as being safer. Feel-Good, Do-Good Phenomenon • When we feel happy we are more willing to help others.

  13. Emotional Ups and Downs

  14. Wealth and Well-being Many people in the West believe that if they were wealthier, they would be happier. However, data suggests that they would only be happy temporarily. Wealth is like health: Its utter absence can breed misery, yet having it is no guarantee of happiness.

  15. Happiness & Prior Experience Adaptation-Level Phenomenon:Like the adaptation to brightness, volume, and touch, people adapt to income levels. Relative Deprivationis the perception that we are relatively worse off than those we compare ourselves with.

  16. Seyle’s General Adaptation Syndrome • Describes our response to a stressful event. • Three stages • Alarm • Resistance • Exhaustion

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