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Bacillus anthracis and its activity in Anthrax

Bacillus anthracis and its activity in Anthrax. Lance Morrison. General anthrax info. Identified in 1800s Mostly effected livestock (transmit to humans) Showed to be related to B. anthracis in 1876 (Robert Koch) First effective vaccine 1881 (Louis Pasteur)

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Bacillus anthracis and its activity in Anthrax

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  1. Bacillus anthracis and its activity in Anthrax Lance Morrison

  2. General anthrax info • Identified in 1800s • Mostly effected livestock (transmit to humans) • Showed to be related to B. anthracis in 1876 (Robert Koch) • First effective vaccine 1881 (Louis Pasteur) • Present day, much less common, isolated outbreaks

  3. Anthrax (cont.) • Infect by inhalation, ingestion, contact with open skin wound (cutaneous) • In humans, cutaneous is most common • Bioweapon via inhalation

  4. Bacillus anthracis • Rod shape, Gram-positive bacteria • Forms endospores • Can synthesize a protein capsule • Synthesizes three important proteins: • Edema Factor • Lethal Factor • Protective Antigen

  5. Endospores • Created through cell division • Dormant, resilient form

  6. Endospores • Survive for extended periods in soil • 150-250 y.o. spores (de Vos, 1990) • Can be reactivated by change in environment • Nutrient rich = survival, replication

  7. Protein Capsule • Avoid immune responses • Very unsure of full role

  8. Bacillus anthracis Genetics • 1 chromosome, 2 Plasmids (pXO1, pXO2) • pXO1 – Edema Factor, Lethal Factor, Protective antigen • pXO2 – Protein Capsule (polyglutamate)

  9. pXO1 – Okinaka et al. • Purify plasmid from pXO1+, pXO2- strain • Shotgun sequencing method • GeneMark software

  10. LF, EF, PA • Protective antigen binds to copies of itself • Complex binds to lethal factor and edema factor • Lethal Toxin, Edema Toxin

  11. Vaccines • Pasteur – 1881, Weakened Cell vaccine • Sterne – 1935, Attenuated Cell vaccine • Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed – 1970,

  12. Works Cited • Bravata DM, Holty JE, Liu H, McDonald KM, Olshen RA, Owens DK (February 2006). "Systematic review: a century of inhalational anthrax cases from 1900 to 2005". Ann Intern Med144 (4): 270–80 • de Vos V (1990). “The ecology of anthrax in the Kruger national Park, South Africa. Salisbury Medical Bulletin”. 68S:19–23. • Okinaka, R.T., et al. “Sequence and organization of pXO1, the large Bacillus anthracis plasmid harboring the anthrax toxin genes”. J. Bacteriol. October 1999 vol. 181 no. 20 6509-6515 • Pimental RA, Christensen KA, Krantz BA, Collier RJ (September 2004). "Anthrax toxin complexes: heptameric protective antigen can bind lethal factor and edema factor simultaneously". BiochemBiophys Res Commun322 (1): 258–62. • Uchida, I., T. Sekizaki, K. Hashimoto, and N. Terakado. 1985. “Association of the encapsulation of Bacillus anthraciswith a 60 megadaltonplasmid”. J. Gen. Microbiol. 131:363–367. • The World Health Organization. <http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/anthrax_webs.pdf>

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