INDIA DECADE OF INNOVATIONS 2010-2020 ROADMAP

1. INDIA DECADE OF INNOVATIONS2010-2020 ROADMAP National Innovation CouncilOffice of Adviser to the Prime Minister on Public Information Infrastructure & InnovationsYojana BhawanParliament StreetNew Delhi 110001Ph: +91 11 23096622 http://www.innovationcouncil.gov.in

2. INTRODUCTION

3. Innovation Defined • Involves thinking differently, creatively and insightfully • Enables solutions/ inventions that have an impact on social and economic value • Fulfills unmet needs, not met by conventional products/processes/ institutional forms • Moving beyond R&D to mean new applications of old technologies, new processes & structures, organisational creativity & more…

4. Innovation Defined • Products • Services • Processes • Organization • Governance • Social sector • Urban/Rural • Public • National • International • Private Sector/ NGO • Individual • Institution • Big/ Small Innovations redefine everything

5. Innovations • People, Culture, Diversity, Ecosystem & Opportunities drive Innovations • Innovations are required to develop new Products, Services, Markets, reduce Costs, improve Efficiency, Productivity, Performance, Quality, etc • Innovations are the key to Growth, Prosperity & Problem solving world over

6. Innovation Pillars

7. Web adds new dimension • Web/Internet offers unprecedented opportunities Related to openness, accessibility, networking connectivity, democratization, decentralization • Power of 1 billion connected people vs. 1 billion unconnected people • Wireless adds Mobility & Flexibility • Web provides Video presence & Virtual reality • Search engines, OSP, OCW, Vlabs, etc. are new tools to train & engage the young

8. BACKGROUND

9. Last 50 Years of Innovations • In the last 50 years Innovations have played a significant role in improving: Health, Education, Transport, Communication, Infrastructure, Energy, Governance, Wealth.. • At the same time there are serious global challenges related to: Poverty, Hunger, Environment, Violence, War, Security, etc.

10. The US Innovations Paradigm • In the last 50 years several major scalable innovations originated in the US: Transistor, Laser, Fiber optics, Micro Processor, Windows, DNA, Genetics… • US provided the ecosystem to breed ideas: • Large talent pool, Young diverse talent, • Risk capital, Government Funding, Autonomy, Markets, • Flexibility, Rule of law, IP framework etc. • Silicon Valley has been the source of many innovations

11. Innovations for the Rich • Most breakthrough innovations have roots in defense & related funding • Best brains in the world are busy solving problems of the rich who do not have problems to solve • As a result complex problems of the poor do not get the right talent • It is time to change this paradigm • It is also an opportunity for creating an “Indian model of Development”

12. Innovations in India • Indian diversity has been a fertile ground for Innovations • India has a Long & Rich History & Heritage: • Invention of Zero and Decimal system, • Home to one of the three ancient civilisations (Indus Valley Civilisation) • Place of origin of Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism • Pioneering Universities like Nalanda and Takshshila, • Architectural and Engineering Marvels such the Iron Pillar in Delhi • Temples, TajMahal, QutabMinar, works such as Arthshastra, Rigveda, Upanishads • Traditional Knowledge Systems in Medicine, Mathematics, Astronomy, Dance, Music, etc…

13. Innovations in India • After independence in 1947 Indian innovations have facilitated Agriculture Revolution, Milk Revolution, Telecom growth, ICT Export, Space exploration, Atomic Energy, Defense, Pharma, Biotech, etc. • Indian Government has invested a great deal in building institutions & Infrastructures to facilitate innovations. • Simultaneously appropriate policies & programmes have been introduced to help foster innovations

14. Current Efforts • Many players on Multiple fronts: • National Innovation Foundation • Honey Bee Network • Society for Research and Initiatives for Sustainable Technologies and Institutions (SRISTI) • Council for Scientific & Industrial Research • Tata Institute of Fundamental Research • Education Institutions like IISc, IITs, IIMs, etc • Technology and Business Incubators • New Millennium Indian Technology Leadership Initiative • Department of Science and Technology (DST) and more ….

15. Current Efforts • Techno Entrepreneurs Promotion Program • Technology Development Board (TDB) • Home Grown Technology Program (HGT) • AYUSH: Ayurveda Yoga Naturopathy Unani Siddha and Homeopathy • GIAN: Grassroots Innovation Augmentation Network • FRLHT: Foundation for Revitalization of Local Health Traditions • TERI: The Energy and Research Institute • CII,FICCI, AIMA and others And many more at national & state levels in Government & private sector

16. Some Challenges • The researchers in R&D per million people in 2006: India (119), China (715), South Korea (3723), US (4628) and Japan (5300) • R&D expenditure - 0.8 per cent of GDP • Education , skill & infrastructure need new investments • Need more productivity from the existing institutions • Linkages between academia, research and industry need to be Strengthened • Innovations in Design need to be expedited: India’s output in new designs 39 vs. 53,000 in China in 2002

17. Challenges: Science & Technology • India Ranked 119 of 149 countries in the 2004 Science Citation Index • India produces only 6,000 PhDs a year in science and 1,000 in engineering • Less than 20 % of public support for R&D is for civilian applications • Indian Institute of Technology was granted 3-6 patents a year compared with 64 for the Stanford and 102 for the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (McKinsey) • According to WIPO statistics (2009) India was granted 7,539 patents while the equivalent number for Japan was 1,64,954, the US was 1,57,283, the Republic of Korea was 1,23,705, and China was 67,948 • In 2006, India had 119 researchers in R&D per million people, while China had 715, South Korea had 3723, US had 4628 and Japan had 5300

18. Global Competitiveness: S&T

19. Some Opportunities • Organisational flexibility • Increased collaborations • Patent protection • Young talent pool • Diaspora talent pool • Traditional knowledge based Products & Services • Low cost robust Broadband ICT infrastructure • Grassroots/low cost innovations • Inclusive/BOP/Scalable innovations • Global markets

20. Opportunities in ICT • ICT has been a major success story for India • India leads the world in the Out sourcing business • IT-BPO industry revenue is around US $ 7o billion/Yr • India has around 500 million phones now & is projected to have over 750 million in 2012 • India has only 7 million broadband connections & needs 100 million • The next ICT benefits will come from Broadband, Government, applications & public delivery systems

21. ICT: Telecom

22. Inclusive Innovation: The Indian Model • Innovation paradigm to focus on inclusive innovation for/of & by the people at the BoP • Focus on ‘frugal innovation’ that produces products and services that are affordable by more people at low levels of income, without compromising quality • Need innovation processes that are ‘frugal’ in terms of the resources required & have a ‘frugal’ impact on the earth’s resources

23. From ‘Jugaad’ to Frugal Engineering • Existing culture of improvisational innovation or ‘jugaad’ driven by scarce resources & customers’ needs • Informal improvisation needs to be scaled up to a system based on frugal engineering geared towards Indian needs • Would drive disruptive innovations in sectors such as health, education, housing etc. to meet the needs of many. For example the $2000 Tata Nano or the $2000 open-heart surgery at Narayana Hrudayalaya

24. STRATEGY

25. Innovation Pentagon

26. Strategy • Provide broader PLATFORM for Innovations everywhere to include: • Products • Services • Organisations & Institutions • Processes • Research and Development • Science & Technology • Governance • Social and Cultural • Mindset • National/ State/ Sectoral Councils

27. Strategy • Encourage Innovations for INCLUSION aimed at the Bottom Of the Pyramid: • Awareness • Access • Affordability • Availability • Scalability • Sustainability • Quality • Pervasive Growth • Innovations for/by the people • Innovations for the BOP

28. Strategy • Foster necessary ECO SYSTEM • Incentives & Awards • Innovation clusters at universities • Innovative business clusters • Innovation in MSMEs • Organisational Autonomy & Flexibility • Policies & Programmes • New Institutions • Risk/ Venture Capital • IPR/ Patents • Web & ICT as tools

29. Strategy • Focus on DRIVERS • Multidisciplinary • Collaborative • Disruptive • Generational Change vs. Incremental Change • Durable vs. Disposable • Need vs. Demand • Nature as Nurture • Locally Relevant • Globally Connected and Competitive • Focus at the Edge

30. Strategy • Expand Space for Discourse on Innovation in the country by: • Discussions • Debates • Seminars • Conferences • Best Practices • Subversive Dialogue • Irreverent Dialogue • New Ideas • Media • Innovation Portal

31. Strategy: impact • The five-pronged focus will foster innovations by: • Democratising Information • Identifying and empowering domain experts at National, State & District levels • Ensuring institutional autonomy, freedom, flexibility, accountability and transparency • Increasing community and public participation at all levels • Improving Governance & Planning

32. Disparity - Rich & Poor - Urban & rural - Educated & Uneducated Demography - 550 million below 25 years - Health, Nutrition - Education, Jobs Development - Expedite the process & create new methods & new models

33. Multiple demands • Female literacy • Infant mortality • Water & Sanitation • Food & Nutrition • Health for all • Education for all • Alternate energy • Droughts & Floods • Security & Safety

34. Multiple demands • Scientific Temper • Implementation • Improved services • Better Governance • District level Development • Maintenance • Dignity of Labor • Process Re-engineering… • And More…..

35. Role of Technology Technology as a tool for problem solving Technology an entry point to increase Role of Technology

36. Role of Government

37. Role of Government • Government can: • Drive innovation through education policy and skill development • Improve governance and re-engineer public service delivery by innovating within its own structures • Create a roadmap for Inclusive Innovation • Facilitate connections between universities, manufacturers, users and regulators • Drive high quality research, basic research & Business Innovations • Bring appropriate Defense research to consumer market • Promote Innovative Policies & Places • Provide appropriate infrastructures • Facilitate exchange of innovations between public and private sectors • Initiate Nation wide innovation movement

38. Some Innovative Initiatives by Government Need improved processes, coordination, collaboration, communication & implementation

39. NEW INITIATIVES

40. New Initiatives • National Knowledge Network • Education • Health • Panchayats • Judiciary • E-Office • Railways • E-Governance • National Advisory Council • Others

41. National Knowledge Network • Government building IP Network with gigabit capabilities to connect 1500 plus nodes across the country for Education and Research to expand, excel & collaborate • All universities will be included in this • First phase of NKN is operational with 2.5 gigabits for 57 institutions, 43 virtual classrooms, 95 crores allocated • In Final phase 550 institutions to be connected by March 2011 • NKN to consolidate multiple networks in the country • NKN to provide new virtual network facilities • NKN to be the backbone for the Education, health, Research and multiple applications for the future

42. Education • Expansion, Excellence, Equity & Access • Higher Education Council for Regulatory Reforms • National Mission on Vocational Education • More IITs, IIMs, Colleges, Schools & investments • 16 New National Universities & Multidisciplinary Ed • 14 New Innovation Universities • More students in Maths ,Science &PhD • Distance learning & Technology in Education • Open course ware , Corse wise credit, New models • Private & Foreign partnerships

43. Health • Rural Health Mission • National Health Portal • Health Literacy • National Health Information Network & vault to connect all health institutions and care centres • Electronic Health Record • Nationwide Emergency Medical Services • Public Health/PHC & Traditional Systems • Low cost – medicine, facilities & care • Research in Health Systems ,Biotech, Genetics, etc

44. Panchayats • To facilitate inclusive growth for ‘Aam Aadmi’ devolve greater power & autonomy to panchayats for selection, approvals and execution of social sector schemes • Connect 250,000 Panchayats to National Broadband Infrastructure • Create Information Infrastructure at Panchayat level for capacity building, productivity, efficiency, transparency, training, social audit, etc • Improve processes and procedures to reflect local needs & decentralization

45. E-Legal • Use ICT to reduce time to justice from 15 years to 3 • Create National Arrears Grid/ database • Identify & solve current lags & bottlenecks • Reengineer legal/ Judiciary processes • Define new policies and procedures • Focus on Human Resource development • Develop Infrastructure to enhance efficiency • Leverage ICT technology & tools

46. E-Office • Under the aegis of the Department of IT, the National Informatics Centre has designed a e-office software to replace paper files in the Government of India with a virtual filing system. • For smooth transition the software has been created with a user friendly design interface • This innovative system will create paperless government, efficiency and transparency in the system • The project is currently at the pilot stage in certain Government departments

47. Railways • Implement real time System to monitor Train Schedules • Implement Modern Electronic Signaling System • Implement real time Freight Management System • Provide paperless ticketing & incentives on Mobile Phones • Use Railways’ Fiber (OFN) to connect 50K to 70K Panchayats & Consumers to Broadband functionalities • Launch dedicated TV channel & Satellite • Launch program to modernize Toilet Systems • Identify Public Private Partnership to Modernize Stations • Provide Health delivery and Diagnostic centers at Stations • Provide Vocational Education facilities at stations

48. E-Governance • Enhance Access & Quality of Public services • Reduce Transaction time & cost • Increase Transparency • Reengineer Government processes • Standardize Platforms for service delivery • Use Web to scale, secure & minimize data centers • Link UID to public services • Implement e-office for paperless files & documentation • Empower all citizens

49. Global Experiences

50. UK Innovations • Central organization to coordinate innovation strategy • HigherEducation Innovation Fund for knowledge transfer from HE to business and public sector • National Skills Academy in crucial sectors of the economy • Regional Development Agencies (RDAs) to deliver tailored business support products at a regional level • UK Government’s Venture Capital Fund of 150 million pounds ($246 million) to kick start British technology investment and the ailing business sector • The Public Service Innovation Laboratory -NESTA to form the centre of an open and collaborative approach to develop the radical innovations that will transform public services