WHAT DOES ENLARGEMENT MEAN FOR EU DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE?

1. WHAT DOES ENLARGEMENT MEAN FOR EU DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE? Ivo Gombala Mission of the Czech Republic to the EC

2. Overview • EU development policy and the role of Accession countries (ACs) • Common concerns and challenges for ACs • Case study of the Czech Republic • Instruments available for ACs • Recommendations

3. EU Development Policy and ACs • EU Development Policy has been underestimated in Accession negotiations • Development Cooperation has had neither priority in the Pre-accession strategies of ACs nor in PHARE or in other Pre-accession programmes • Accession Treaty – primary and secondary legislation (acquis communautaire) • Soft law (Statement by the Council and the Commission on the European Community´s Development Policy, Food Aid, Global Fund, untying of aid etc.) • Cotonu Agreement (partnership, ownership, stategy papers) • Development Policy related aspects (trade – EPAs, commodity agreements, fisheries etc.; migration; finances – HIPC etc.) • Geographic differences concerning EU and ACs´ Development Policies (AC have no strong historical ties with many recipient countries of EU´s development assistance in Africa, Latin America and Asia and concentrate more on neighbouring countries - Balkans and the former Soviet Union) Source: Trialog Policy Paper „ Development co-operation in the Context of EU Enlargement“ and Final Report „The consequences of enlargemnt for development policy“

4. Concerns and challenges Policy making: • Projects oriented development policy v. programmes based development policy for priority countries and projects towards non-priority countries • Ad hoc v. strategic approaches (PRSPs, CSPs, RSPs, thematic issues – health, education etc.) • weak v. stronger policy frameworks and institutional capacity building • Introduction of broad-based process of policy formulation including all stakeholders (NGOs, civil society, academics, private sector etc.) • Wide range of recipient countries v. priority countries and other targeted countries • Wide scale of sectoral priorities v. short list of concrete sectoral priorities with sectoral programmes

5. Concerns and challenges Implementation: • „supply driven“ v. „demand driven“ approaches • Grants and projects v. procurements and programming • Existence of co-financing budget line for NGOs • Tying v. untying • Partnership with civil society incl. NGOs • Partnership with private sector • Enhancement of implementation capacity Financing: • New instruments – budget support, co-financing etc. • Finances outside EU (UNDP, CIDA) for capacity and institutional building will stop upon accession • Enhancement of ODA (EU budget, EDF) Others: • Public awareness • Co-operation with universities and schools in development education

6. Czech Republic´s case study • Principles for Providing Foreign Aid (1995) • Concept of the Czech Republic Foreign Aid Program for the 2002-2007 Period (2002) • Czech NGDOs Platform (since 2002) • CIDA (ODACE) and UNDP projects – capacity and institutional building and public awareness • Development Center (1999) – established as UNDP project • 12-14% of bilateral assistance implemented through NGOs • Dotation program for NGOs: capacity building, development education, public awareness, partnership in development co-operation • Public awareness: general public, state administration, development education (focus on secondary grammer schools), Summer development school • Co-financing instrument is under preparation • Education: University of Economics in Prague and Palackého University in Olomouc • Key priority countries and sectors in bilateral co-operation identified (programs and strategy documents still needed) • Priorities within multilateral and EU development co-operation to be identified • Evalution missions in 2003 (Moldova, Ethiopia,Zambia, Rumania, Ukraine) and in 2004 (Vietnam)

7. Instruments available for Accession Countries Policy making and implementation: • Support of Current Member States and the Commission (Task Force on capacity building, bilateral relations) • CONCORD • Thematic Working Groups of Experts (e.g. EU Member States experts´meeting on health, AIDS and population) • Platforms created in some Accession Countries Financing: • Co-financing budget line for NGOs • Geographical programs (MEDA, ALA, TACIS ..) • Thematic budget lines (gender, education, health, …) • Partnerships with NGOs from other EU Member States

8. Recommendations • Formulation and adoption of national development policies in all ACs • Active participation of representatives from all Accession Countries in all relevant foras (if feasible – limited staff) • Transfer of know-how in fund raising, public awareness and PR activities • Joint development co-operation projects • Training activities, study visits, interships etc.