The Nervous System

1. The Nervous System Laura Bisbee, Erin Campbell, Sam Bruno

2. Three Main Parts of the Brian • Cerebrum • Cerebellum • Medulla Oblongata

3. Cerebrum • This is where conscious thought goes on • Largest Part of brain • Right half controls creativity • Left half controls logic • Its separated in to four lobes • Frontal lobe • Occipital lobe • Temporal lobe • Parietal lobe

4. Temporal Lobe • Involved with hearing processing, speech and vision • Part of the limbic system, which controls emotion and memory • Long term Memories are formed here.

5. Occipital Lobe • Where most visual processing happens • Damage to this lobe can cause Blindness and hallucinations

6. Parietal lobe • Two main regions • First controls sensation and perception • The second Constructs a spatial coordinate system to represent the world around us.

7. Frontal Lobe • This part of the brain is where your personality and emotions are controlled. • It is in the front f the head which makes it the most prone to injury of all the lobes.

8. Cerebellum • Cerebellum means “little brain” • Its located in the back of the brain • Controls fine motor skills, posture and balance • Damage to the cerebellum can cause loss of balance and slurred speech

9. Medulla Oblongata • Lower part of the brain stem • Regulates vital body functions • Controls reflexes like swallowing and coughing

10. Head injuries • Any trauma to the brain, skull or scalp • One of the most common causes of death to adults • Classified in two ways • Open – object broke skull and entered brain • Closed- Hard hit to head but did not break skull

11. Head injuries cont. • Symptoms can range from mild to servre • Some common types • Concussion • Skull fracture • Intracranial hematoma • Contusion (Bruising)

12. Treatment of head injures • Based on age, type of injury and overall health • Types of treatment • Medication • Surgery • Repositioning • Fluid restriction

13. The Spinal Cord • The spinal cord id the passage way from information to be transferred to the brain • It has five different type of nerves with in it: • Cervical nerves that give movement and feeling to arms, neck and upper torso • Thoracic- nerves give movement to the upper body muscles and arms • Lumbar nerves give feeling to the legs and feet • Sacral nerves that got to both send nerves to the legs along with the lumbar nerves, bladder, bowel, and reproductive organs • Coccyegal nerve give gives feeling to the tail bone and the area around

14. Neuron Impulse Transition • Process of sending an impulse from brain • In order for this to happen their needs to be a change in charge.

15. Steps of neuron impulse transition • Polarization of neuron’s membrane - the inside of the membrane is negative and the outside is positive • Neuron stays at rest until stimulus. • Sodium ions move inside the membrane • Repolarization • Hyperpolarization: More potassium ions are on the outside than there are sodium ions on the inside • Refractory period http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PYnvt8biXX0&feature=related

16. Brain Abscesses • A collection of immune cells, pus and other material in the brain. • Caused by bacterial or fungal infections • Some Symptoms • Pain the upper and back and neck • drowsiness • slow thought process • seizures • loss of coordination and muscle function • If left untreated a coma

17. Brian Abscesses treatments • Medication • Medication can be used if the abscess small enough (less than 2cm) • Surgery • Surgery is needed is the medication is infective • In surgery the whole abscess will be taken out or a needle will be used to extract the fluid from the abscess

18. Brian disorders and diseases • ADHD-Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder • Cerebral Palsy • Huntington’s Disease • Tay-Sachs Disease

19. ADHD • People with ADHD can not handle certain chemicals in the brain such as dopamine, serotonin, and adrenalin. • These chemicals all are related to emotions and impulses • Symptoms : • being easily distracted • excessive talking • acting without thinking • Medications such as are used to treat ADHD: • Ritalin • Dexedrine • Adderall

20. Cerebral Palsy • Motor disorders that result from brain injuries • Effects the motor skills and ability to move • The damaged area in this disease is the cerebellum • Symptoms range from not being able to use scissors to not being able to balance while walking.

21. Limbic System • This is the system of the brain that controls emotion and memory • It Includes : • The Hypothalamus • Deals with homeostasis • Controls thirst, hunger, anger, sexual behaviors • The Hippocampus • Converts from short term to long term memory • If damaged no more new memories can be formed • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ErjP5xMTc8I&feature=related • The Amygdala • Role in emotional and motivation behavior