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MCB 100 Introductory Microbiology Course Web Sites

MCB 100 Introductory Microbiology Course Web Sites Main Site: http://www.life.illinois.edu/mcb/100 To see: Lecture Materials & Exam Information Username: your netID Password: your AD password Homework – On-Line Problem Sets (for points!) lon-capa.uiuc.edu

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MCB 100 Introductory Microbiology Course Web Sites

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  1. MCB 100 Introductory Microbiology Course Web Sites Main Site: http://www.life.illinois.edu/mcb/100 To see: Lecture Materials & Exam Information Username: your netID Password: your AD password Homework – On-Line Problem Sets (for points!) lon-capa.uiuc.edu You will need to use your password to do the on-line homework.

  2. MCB100 Course Text Book (required) Microbiology – with diseases by taxonomy 5th custom Ed. for the University of Illinois By Robert Bauman ISBN: 1-323-47025-5 Mastering Microbiology (optional) Supplemental Materials for Microbiology by Robert Bauman, from Pearson Course ID# MMBCHAPMAN12991 (course id appears to not be case sensitive) Pearson Publishing Representative Scott Brodkin Email: Scott.Brodkin@pearson.com

  3. MCB100 Introductory Microbiology Lecture 2 January 16, 2019

  4. MCB 100 Introductory Microbiology Spring 2019 Reading assignment: Microbiology By: Robert Bauman CHAPTER 1 I. The Scale of Microorganisms II. A Survey of Major Groups of Microorganisms III. The History of Microbiology

  5. Types of Microorganisms 1. Cellular Organisms (definitely alive) A. Prokaryotes (no nuclear membrane) B. Eukaryotes (normal nucleus) 2. Subcellular Aggregates of Molecules (alive ???) Viruses, Viroids and Prions Traits of All Living Cells - Able to Grow and Reproduce (can convert nonliving nutrients into living cytoplasm) - Genetic material is DNA - Metabolism (hundreds of controlled biochemical reactions that are catalyzed by enzymes) - Able to make or acquire ATP (an energy rich molecule) - Able to synthesize proteins (This requires: energy from ATP, ribosomes, mRNA, a set of tRNAs and 20 amino acids.) - Bound by an active cell membrane (a diffusion barrier)

  6. Sub-cellular Entities (Viruses)

  7. Virus and Bacteriophage Structure and Life Cycle Viruses differ from bacteria in that they are not cellular organisms. Viruses consist of some genetic material, which may be either DNA or RNA, surrounded by a coat of protein which is also known as the capsid. Some animal viruses also have a membrane-like envelope of lipids and proteins but many viruses lack this feature. Viruses lack ribosomes and tRNAs, so they can not synthesize proteins on their own. Viruses contain few or no enzymes, they lack metabolic pathways. Viruses lack ATP and have no means of generating ATP. Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites. They must be inside a living host cell in order to have life-like functions such as reproduction. Outside a host cell, a virus is just an aggregate of non-living molecules.

  8. Viroids Infectious particles seen in plants, similar to RNA viruses, except they lack a capsid. Prions Infectious particles that lack nucleic acid. They are altered forms of normal proteins that appear to be able to convert normal proteins to an abnormal shape upon contact. The abnormal form of the protein is associated with disease.

  9. Traits of Viruses How do bacteria and viruses differ, how are they similar? Select the FALSE statement. A. The genetic material in all bacterial cells is DNA but some viruses have RNA genomes. B. Both bacterial cells and viruses contain 70S ribosomes. C. An average sized virus is smaller than an average sized bacterial cell. D. Bacterial cells have cytoplasmic membranes that control diffusion of materials into and out of the cell, but viruses don’t have active cell membranes . E. Most bacteria are free-living creatures but all viruses can only reproduce as parasites of some host cell.

  10. Traits of Viruses How do bacteria and viruses differ, how are they similar? Select the FALSE statement. A. The genetic material in all bacterial cells is DNA but some viruses have RNA genomes. B. Both bacterial cells and viruses contain 70S ribosomes. FALSE Viruses do not contain their own ribosomes. They rely on the ribosomes of their host cell to make new viral proteins. C. An average sized virus is smaller than an average sized bacterial cell. D. Bacterial cells have cytoplasmic membranes that control diffusion of materials into and out of the cell, but viruses don’t have active cell membranes . E. Most bacteria are free-living creatures but all viruses can only reproduce as parasites of some host cell.

  11. A Survey of Cellular Microorganisms Archaea, Bacteria, Fungi, Protozoa, Algae ALL CELLS HAVE A CELL MEMBRANE BUT SOME TYPES OF CELLS LACK A CELL WALL. Have Cell Wall Lack Cell Wall - Most Bacteria - Mycoplasma - Archaea - Animals - Plants - Protozoa - Fungi - Algae

  12. Cells without cell walls tend to have flexible shapes. Right: Mycoplasma pneumonia size: ~ .50 micronsFar Right: Amoeba proteus size: ~10 micronsCells with cell walls have more defined, rigid shapes.Right: Haloquadratum walsbyi size: ~ 1 micronFar Right: A diatom size: ~15 microns

  13. The cytoplasmic membrane controls diffusion of materials into and out of a cell.(Also known as: cell membrane, plasma membrane) A cell membrane is made of lipids and proteins. The interior of a cell membrane is an oily, hydrophobic, environment.

  14. Cross section through a bacterial cell showing the cell wall on the outside of the cytoplasmic membrane. From Rhodes University – New Zealand

  15. Which one of the following types of cells DOES NOT have a cell wall? A. Phaseolus vulgaris (common green bean) B. Entamoeba histolytica (a protozoa that causes dysentery) C. Trichophyton rubrum (a fungus that causes athlete’s foot) D. Salmonella typhi (a bacterium that causes typhoid fever) E. Staphylococcus aureus (a bacterium that can infect wounds)

  16. Which one of the following types of cells DOES NOT have a cell wall? A. Phaseolus vulgaris (common green bean) B. Entamoeba histolytica (a protozoa that causes dysentery) Protozoa like amoebas don’t have cell walls. In this respect they are more like animal cells. C. Trichophyton rubrum (a fungus that causes athlete’s foot) D. Salmonella typhi (a bacterium that causes typhoid fever) E. Staphylococcus aureus (a bacterium that can infect wounds)

  17. One can divide all organisms into two types based on the presence of a defined nucleus in the cells. In some species, the cells have nuclei. While the cells of other species don’t have a distinct nuclear compartment. compartment.

  18. CELL TYPES OF MICROORGANISMS PROKARYOTESEUKARYOTES Bacteria Protozoa Archaea Fungi Algae Pro = before Eu = normal Karyos = nucleus Bacterial cells don’t have a nuclear membrane, eukaryotic cells do.

  19. Differences Between Prokaryotic Cells vs. Eukaryotic Cells TRAIT EUKARYOTES PROKARYOTES Nuclear Membrane yes no Endoplasmic Reticulum yes no Mitochondria mostly yes no Membrane bound organelles often yes no Ribosome size 80S 70S Chromosome number plural single Chromosome shape linear circular Mitosis, Meiosis and sex mostly yes no Size mostly 4 – 20 mm mostly 0.5 – 3 mm

  20. Eukaryotic Microorganisms Fungi Yeast Mold

  21. Eukaryotic Microorganisms

  22. Eukaryotic Microorganisms Protozoa Amoeba

  23. Eukaryotic Microorganisms

  24. Eukaryotic Microorganisms Algae

  25. Eukaryotic Microorganisms

  26. Prokaryotic Microorganisms Bacteria

  27. Eukaryotic vs. Prokaryotic Cells Which one of the following is seen in protozoan cells but not in bacterial cells? A. Most of the genetic material is found in a single circular chromosome. B. Movement of materials through the cytoplasmic membrane involves pores that are made of protein. C. The most common molecule in the cytoplasm is water. D. Most species contain mitochondria, where most of the ATP is made. E. The ribosomes are of a size of 70S.

  28. Eukaryotic vs. Prokaryotic Cells Which one of the following is seen in protozoan cells but not in bacterial cells? A. Most of the genetic material is found in a single circular chromosome. B. Movement of materials through the cytoplasmic membrane involves pores that are made of protein. C. The most common molecule in the cytoplasm is water. D. Most species contain mitochondria, where most of the ATP is made. Bacteria and Archaea don’t have membrane bound organelles like the nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts and phagolysosomes. E. The ribosomes are of a size of 70S.

  29. Prokaryotic Microorganisms

  30. Prokaryotic Microorganisms Archaea

  31. Prokaryotic Microorganisms

  32. Common Types of Microorganisms MATCH the descriptions of the groups of microorganisms with the correct term. 1. Eukaryotic - gets carbon by photosynthesis 2. Prokaryotic - most have cell walls made of peptidoglycan 3. Eukaryotic - no cell wall - requires organic nutrients 4. Prokaryotic - most have cell walls but they’re NOT made of peptidoglycan 5. Eukaryotic - cell wall made of chitin, requires organic nutrients A. Algae B. Archaea C. Bacteria D. Fungi E. Protozoa

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