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Understanding Heat Pump Efficiency Ratings and Dual Fuel Systems

Dive into performance ratings, resistance heat, and dual fuel systems in this comprehensive guide, with in-depth explanations and practical tips to optimize your system. Perfect for HVAC professionals, students, and anyone interested in energy-efficient heating solutions.

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Understanding Heat Pump Efficiency Ratings and Dual Fuel Systems

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  1. Last Day Of The Heat Pump Section. • Today we’ll look at performance ratings, supplemental resistance heat and dual fuel systems. • Then we’ll break before taking our test.

  2. Performance Ratings

  3. EFFICIENCY • EER • COP • SEER • HSPF

  4. EER BTU’S OUT 39,000 BTU/HR. POWER IN 4380 WATTS/HR. = 8.9 BTU/WATT

  5. COP BTU’S OUT 39,000 BTU/HR BTU’S WE 4380 WATTS/HR X 3.1413 BTU/WATT PAY FOR 2.6 =

  6. COP FOR HEAT PUMP AND RESISTANCE HEAT 4.0 3.0 HEAT PUMP 2.0 HEATING COP RESISTANCE HEAT 1.0 0 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 OUTDOOR TEMPERATURE

  7. HSPFHEATING SEASONAL PERFORMANCE FACTOR • TOTAL HEATING OUTPUT OF A HEAT PUMP DURING ITS NORMAL ANNUAL USAGE PERIOD FOR HEATING DIVIDED BY THE TOTAL ELECTRIC POWER INPUT IN WATT-HOURS DURING THE SAME PERIOD

  8. SEERSEASONAL ENERGY EFFICIENCY RATIO • TOTAL COOLING OF A CENTRAL UNITARY AIR CONDITIONER OR UNITARY HEAT PUMP IN BTU’S DURING ITS NORMAL ANNUAL USAGE PERIOD FOR COOLING DIVIDED BY, THE TOTAL ELECTRIC POWER INPUT IN WATT-HOURS DURING THE SAME PERIOD

  9. WHEN CAPACITY DROPS EER&COP - CAPACITY - SUCTION - TEMPERATURE PRESSURE OUTDOOR TEMPERATURE

  10. WHAT CAUSES CAPACITY TO DROP GAS DENSITY DECREASES SHORTER EFFECTIVE STROKE DECREASED FLOW RATE + =

  11. Effective compressor stroke

  12. 250 60 60

  13. 250 60 59

  14. 250 60 60

  15. 250 60 100

  16. 250 60 250

  17. 250 60 251

  18. 250 1.50” 60 250

  19. Climatuff Scroll Introduction • TTY030B April • TTY036 - 60B July • TWX030D July • TTP048 _ 60D1,3,4 July • TTR060D1 July • TTB060 TTA060D3,4 4th Qtr. • TWR060D TWA060D3,4 4th Qtr. • TTR042-48D TTB048 TTA048D3,4 Late 4th Qtr. • TWR048D1 TWA048D3,4 Late 4th Qtr.

  20. CAPACITY VS. HEAT LOSS HEAT LOSS UNIT CAPACITY SUPPLEMENTAL HEAT NEEDED CAPACITY TEMPERATURE

  21. ELECTRIC HEAT • SUPPLEMENTAL HEAT • EMERGENCY HEAT • AUXILIARY HEAT • RESERVE HEAT

  22. THERMAL BALANCE POINT HEAT LOSS HEATING CAPACITY = HEAT PUMP

  23. CAPACITY VS. HEAT LOSS BTU/HR HEAT LOSS UNIT CAPACITY 45,000 21,000 10F 50F OUTDOOR TEMPERATURE

  24. BALANCE POINT BTU/HR BALANCE POINT HEAT LOSS UNIT CAPACITY 34,500 32.5F 0 65F OUTDOOR TEMPERATURE

  25. DESIGN POINT BTU/HR HEAT LOSS 57,500 UNIT CAPACITY NEED 36,500 BTU/HR ADDITIONAL 21,000 DESIGN POINT 10F OUTDOOR TEMPERATURE

  26. EMERGENCY HEAT BTU/HR 57,500 X 1.00 57,500 BTU/HR HEAT LOSS 57,500 UNIT CAPACITY 57,500 BTU/HR 3413 BTU/KW = 16.8 KW 10F OUTDOOR TEMPERATURE

  27. TOTAL CAPACITYWITH 17 KW HEATER PACKAGE 3RD STAGE 2ND STAGE 1ST STAGE 19,340 BTU/HR UNIT CAPACITY 19,340 BTU/HR 19,340 BTU/HR (5.66KW)

  28. BALANCE POINT1 ST STAGE ELECTRIC HEAT BALANCE POINT HEAT LOSS 1ST STAGE UNIT CAPACITY 22.5F OUTDOOR TEMPERATURE

  29. BALANCE POINT2ND STAGE ELECTRIC HEAT BALANCE POINT 2ND STAGE HEAT LOSS 1ST STAGE UNIT CAPACITY 13F OUTDOOR TEMPERATURE

  30. BALANCE POINT3RD STAGE ELECTRIC HEAT BTU/HR BALANCE POINT 3RD STAGE 2ND STAGE HEAT LOSS 1ST STAGE UNIT CAPACITY DESIGN POINT 4F 10F OUTDOOR TEMPERATURE

  31. Heat pump with heat strips • This application has a 17KW heat strip. You will see that W2 heat strip is brought on during defrost. • The W1 and W3 heat strips are controlled by outdoor thermostats. Only bringing them on as the outdoor temperature drops.

  32. TO LINE VOLTAGE SUPPLY BK/BL BR/RD TDL SUMP HTR PURPLE/WH PURPLE/WH BLACK BLACK CS MS-1 CSR-1 CSR RD BR BK/BL OR BK/BL S R OR CPR IOL CR RD RD BR/RD LOHI RED BROWN FANMTR BL/WH CF OFT-B OFT-A PURPLE BLACK BK/RD CBS YL YLBK BK RD ODS-B Y1 R B B O O Y Y X2 F

  33. RD YLYLBK BK T1 R B B O O Y Y X2 F RD/WH RD BL F SM-1 OR YL BK F OR O HEAT OFF COOL O O BLACK HA CA Y YL Y Y WS X BK HEATERCONTROLS RHS-1 TS W3 X2 X BK X W2 X2 X BK X X BK X W1 J COOL SM-2 AUTOON HEAT G G FAN FANCONTROLBD T RHS-2 ODS-A T ODA BR T T TSH W RD U B BL BL B B R RD R R TO POWER SUPPLY PERLOCAL CODES TYPICAL AIR HANDLER TYPICAL MANUAL CHANGE OVER THERMOSTAT

  34. EMERGENCY HEAT RELAY PACKAGE MAINTAINS COMFORT IF HEAT PUMP FAILS BY 1 LOCKING OUT COMPRESSOR 2 BYPASSING OUTDOOR THERMOSTAT 3 BRINGING ON FULL STRIP HEAT

  35. SQUEEZING OUT OPERATIONG $ • DECREASE BALANCE POINT • OVERSIZE HEAT PUMP • UPGRADE BUILDING INS. & GLAZING • TURN DOWN THE THERMOSTAT • DUAL - ALTERNATIVE HEATING SYSTEM • 2 - STAGE HEAT PUMP

  36. LOAD CALCULATION AIR FLOW CHARGING CAPACITY

  37. LOCATING THE UNIT • AIR CONSIDERATIONS • AVOID RECIRCULATION • CUT OFF PREVAILING WIND • WATER DRAINAGE • ALLOW CLEARANCE FOR WATER DRAIN OFF • SNOW CONSIDERATIONS • AVOID SNOW DRIFTS • RAISE UNIT IN HEAVY SNOW AREAS

  38. DUAL FUEL

  39. HEATING “ON” CYCLE FOSSIL FUEL HEAT PUMP TEMP TIME

  40. DUAL FUEL SYSTEMS • DEPENDS ON THE COST OF ELECTRICITY AND PRICE OF THE FOSSIL FUEL • LESS EXPENSIVE TO HEAT COMPRESSION-CYCLE EQUIPMENT WHEN THE OUTDOOR TEMPERATURE IS MILD TO MODERATELY COLD • MORE ECONOMICAL TO HEAT WITH FOSSIL FUEL WHEN THE OUTDOOR TEMPERATURE IS VERY COLD • REDUCES DEMAND FOR POWER DURING PERIODS OF COLD WEATHER

  41. ECONOMIC BALANCE POINT • OUTDOOR TEMPERATURE ASSOCIATED WITH EQUAL OPERATING COSTS

  42. ADD-ON HEAT PUMP KITTYPLUS103A • SEQUENCE OF HEATING OPERATION • NON-RESTRICTIVE MODE • FIRST STAGE HEAT, HEAT PUMP (ONLY) OPERATES IN HEATING, IF HEAT PUMP CANNOT HANDLE THE LOAD , WHEN THE TEMPERATURE IN ROOM DROPS APPROX. 1-1/2F, FURTHER, SECOND STAGE HEAT IS CALLED FOR. SECOND STAGE TURNS THE HEAT PUMP OFF AND BRINGS THE FURNACE ON. FURNACE WILL SATISFY SECOND STAGE ONLY. FIRST STAGE IF CALLING WILL OPERATE AFTER 45 SEC. DELAY • THERMOSTAT EMERGENCY HEAT POSITION OPERATES FURNACE ONLY

  43. ADD-ON HEAT PUMP KITTYPLUS103A • SEQUENCE OF HEATING OPERATION RESTRICTIVE MODE - ( REQUIRES TAYSTAT250A ) • O.D.T. CHANGEOVER AT OR ABOVE ECONOMIC BALANCE POINT • TEMPERATURES ABOVE O.D.T.,HEAT PUMP ONLY,WHEN CALLED BY FIRST STAGE STAT. • TEMPERATURES BELOW O.D.T.,FIRST STAGE STAT. GOES TO THE FURNACE AND HEAT PUMP IS CUT OFF • EMERGENCY HEAT POSITION CONVERTS SYSTEM TO FURNACE ONLY OPERATION

  44. “A” COIL UPFLOWAPPLICATION AIR FLOWSUPPLY DUCT CLASS 2 LOW VOLTAGE WIRING TO SYSTEM CONTROLLER COIL ENCLOSURE BONNET THERMOSTAT “A” COIL FRONT COIL BAFFLE NOTE:1. MOUNT BONNET THERMOSTAT THROUGH FRONT COIL BAFFLE AT THE HIGHEST PRACTICAL POINT INSIDE THE ‘A’ COIL SO THE SENSING ELEMENT DOES NOT TOUCH EITHER SLAB OF COIL OR INTERFERE WITH TUBING. NOTE 1 UPFLOWFURNACE

  45. ROOM THERMOSTAT T O R W Y B X2 G FIELD WIRING DIAGRAM FOR SPLIT HEAT PUMP SYSTEM WITH TAYPLUS103A CONTROL IN FURNACE (UNRESTRICTED MODE) INTER-COMPONENT WIRING 24 V. FACTORY LINE V. WIRING 24 V. FIELD LINE V. WIRING FIELD INSTALLED FACTORY WIRING W3 Y3 X3 G3 K1-3 K1-2 G1 K1 TDR HEAT PUMPO.D. SECTION BR TOR OYL YRD RBL B TDR - 1 Y2 K1-1 FURNACE BR/X2 OR BK X2 X2 G W1 W2 R B Y BT TAYPLUS103A Y1 B W1 LEGENDTDR - TIME DELAY RELAY MODEL RLY1664 K - RELAY MODEL RLY1663BT - BONNET THERMOSTAT MODEL THT1248 TO POWER SUPPLY PERLOCAL CODES TO POWERSUPPLY PERLOCAL CODES 3 PH. ONLY 3 PH. ONLY

  46. ROOM THERMOSTAT T O R W Y B X2 G FIELD WIRING DIAGRAM FOR SPLIT HEAT PUMP SYSTEM WITH TAYPLUS103A CONTROL IN FURNACE (RESTRICTED MODE) INTER-COMPONENT WIRING 24 V. FACTORY LINE V. WIRING 24 V. FIELD LINE V. WIRING FIELD INSTALLED FACTORY WIRING W3 Y3 X3 G3 K1-3 K1-2 G1 K1 TDR HEAT PUMPO.D. SECTION BR TOR OYL YRD RBL B TDR - 1 Y2 K1-1 FURNACE BR/X2 OR BK X2 X2 G W1 W2 R B Y BT ODT TAYPLUS103A Y1 B W1 LEGENDTDR - TIME DELAY RELAY MODEL RLY1664 K - RELAY MODEL RLY1663BT - BONNET THERMOSTAT MODEL THT1248 TO POWER SUPPLY PERLOCAL CODES TO POWERSUPPLY PERLOCAL CODES 3 PH. ONLY 3 PH. ONLY

  47. Mechanical problems that cause electrical failures • Failure of start components or compressor? Compressor starting with liquid present! • Overcharged unit. • Crankcase heater circuit failure. • Cycle rate too short, superheat never stabilizing. • Low supply voltage is the least common, and most often assumed.

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