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Plant Nutrition

Plant Nutrition. H 2 O. CO 2. O 2. LE 37-2. O 2. Minerals. CO 2. H 2 O. LE 37-3. Experimental: Solution without potassium. Control: Solution containing all minerals. Nutrients. Macronutrients. Micronutrients. essential elements plants require them in relatively large amounts

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Plant Nutrition

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  1. Plant Nutrition

  2. H2O CO2 O2 LE 37-2 O2 Minerals CO2 H2O

  3. LE 37-3 Experimental: Solution without potassium Control: Solution containing all minerals

  4. Nutrients Macronutrients Micronutrients • essential elements • plants require them in relatively large amounts • Carbon • Oxygen • Hydrogen • Nitrogen • Potassium • Calcium • Magnesium • Phosphorous • Sulfur • plants require them in very small amounts

  5. Healthy LE 37-4 Phosphate-deficient Potassium-deficient Nitrogen-deficient

  6. LE 37-7 No phosphorus deficiency Beginning phosphorus deficiency Well-developed phosphorus deficiency

  7. Fertilizers • Irrigation • Erosion • Topsoil loss • Contour tillage

  8. Nitrogen Fixation • Nitrogen-fixing bacteria • convert atmospheric N2 to nitrogenous minerals usable by plants • Symbiotic relationship (mutualistic)

  9. 5 µm LE 37-10 Bacteroids within vesicle Nodules Roots Pea plant root. Bacteroids in a soybean root nodule.

  10. Mycorrhizae and Plant Nutrition • Mycorrhizae • mutualistic associations of fungi and roots • fungus benefits • steady supply of sugar from the host plant • host plant benefits • fungus increases the surface area for water uptake and mineral absorption

  11. Two Main Types of Mycorrhizae • Ectomycorrhizae • mycelium of the fungus forms a dense sheath over the surface of the root

  12. LE 37-12a Epidermis Cortex Mantle (fungal sheath) 100 µm Endodermis Fungal hyphae between cortical cells Mantle (fungal sheath) (colorized SEM) Ectomycorrhizae.

  13. Endomycorrhizae • microscopic fungal hyphae extend into the root

  14. LE 37-12b 10 µm Cortex Epidermis Cortical cells Endodermis Fungal hyphae Vesicle Casparian strip Root hair Arbuscules (LM, stained specimen) Endomycorrhizae.

  15. Epiphytes, Parasitic Plants, and Carnivorous Plants LE 37-13a Staghorn fern, and epiphyte. This tropical fern (genus Platycerium) grows on large rocks, cliffs, and trees. It has two types of fronds: branched fronds resembling antlers and circular fronds that form a collar around the base of the fern.

  16. LE 37-13b Host’s phloem Dodder Haustoria Mistletoe, a photosynthetic parasite. Indian pipe, a nonphotosynthetic parasite. Dodder, a nonphotosynthetic parasite.

  17. LE 37-13c Venus’ flytrap. Pitcher plants. Sundews.

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