The Growth of the Western Worldview

1. Chapter 3 How Did the Western Worldview Grow Out of the Renaissance?

2. A little story to start… Suddenly one of the girls pointed out towards the ocean. The girls could hardly believe their eyes. Three large strange boats with huge sails were headed towards the shore. They could hear the shouts of the people on the boats in the distance. The girls ran back towards their village to tell everyone what they had seen. By the time they returned to the beach with a crowd of curious villagers, the people from the boat had already landed. They had white skin, furry faces, ad were wearing odd clothing. They spoke a language the Taino had never heard before. But they smiled at the Taino and seemed friendly. The men from the ships. Christopher Columbus and his crew, had been sailing the Atlantic Ocean for two long months. Columba’s plan was to travel west from Europe to Asia. He had no idea that there were two large continents and the vast Pacific Ocean between him and his goal. This voyage led by Christopher Columbus would dramatically change the lives of \Europeans and the Indigenous peoples of North and South America.

4. Perspective… • 1) From which perspective is this story being told from? • 2) How might the story be different if it were from another perspective? • Task: Take a few minutes to write down a quick version of this story from an opposite perspective (5 mins)

6. A Timeline to Help Us Understand: • Early 1300’s, city states • Humanism develops • A change in thinking • Art, science, math, etc. Middle Ages Renaissance Europe The Age of Exploration • 1096-1271: The Crusades • The 100 Year War • The Creation of the Silk Road • 1942: discovers North and South America • Portuguese make early discoverers • Curiosity leads to travel

7. The 3 C’s of Exploration: • 1) Commerce • The opportunity to make money through the trade of valuable resources • 2) Curiosity -The opportunity to learn about the world • 3) Conquest -The desire to claim territory, with its peoples and natural resources for your own country.

8. What was their motivation for exploring? • Group 1: Henry the Navigator (P. 102) • Group 2: Vasco de Gama (P. 104) • Group 3: Columbus (P. 105 and 324) • Magellan (P. 101 and 106) You will be asked to share your findings with the class! You have ten minutes to gather all of your information! The student sharing will be selected randomly!

9. Explorers • 1492: Christopher Columbus sailed to what he thought was Japan. In fact he was at an island in the Caribbean. Columbus was sponsored by Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand of Spain. Columbus never reached mainland North America.

10. Explorers • 1497: Even though England was not really interested in exploration, the monarch sponsored Giovanni Caboto (John Cabot) who sailed to North America.

11. Explorers • 1501: Amerigo Vespucci was an Italian merchant and mapmaker who explored the coast of Brazil. North and South America are named after him.

12. Explorers • 1519: Ferdinand Magellan sailed around the tip of South America and named the Pacific Ocean. He reached the eastern part of Asia and his ships were the first to circumnavigate the globe. He was killed in the Philippines.

13. Explorers • 1534: France sponsored Jacques Cartier who sailed to the New World and explored up the St. Lawrence river as far north as present day Montreal (then known as Hochelaga).

14. How Did New Religious Views Become Part of the Western Worldview? • Two views of religion existed in the Western worldview: • Believed that individuals should follow the rules, rituals, and teachings of the RCC • Believed that individuals should question and respond to the Bible personally MIDDLE AGES HUMANIST

15. Some questions raised • The necessity to follow the Church laws and rituals • The actions of the clergy and popes • Many wanted to see things reformed, but not break from the RCC • This was called the Protestant Reformation

16. Open Books to pg. 91 and read about Martin Luther. • No not that Martin Luther

17. Martin Luther • What he Believed – Following the rituals was not enough. Seek personal religious understanding. Not pay for forgiveness. • What he Did – he wrote 95 church reforms that he felt were necessary • What Happened –Books burned. Luther was expelled from the church.

18. John Calvin • What He Believed – Believe and practice what is written in the bible only. • What He Did – introduced a strict form of Protestantism • What Happened – was the central developer of Christian Theology or Calvinism

19. John Knox • What He Believed – Believed that the people should govern their local church • What He Did – created Presbyteries, or councils of men, to govern the church. Led rebellions. • What Happened – led into the Presbyterian church

20. King Henry VIII • What He Believed – he believed that he should control the church land. Have his marriage annulled. • What He Did – he put himself in charge of church business. • What Happened - appointed himself the head of the church of England

21. Spanish Monarchs • What they Believed – they believed that all other religions were false and wrong but Catholicism. • What they Did – started the Inquisition to find heretics and disbelievers. • What Happened – thousands were expelled from the country. Some were jailed, tortured and put to death.

22. How Did Ideas of National Identity and Citizenship Begin to Develop During the Renaissance The idea of Nations began to develop in the Renaissance. Small political units began to join and develop into larger states. These States then became countries because: • Societies became more urban • Citizens developed new identities of belonging to a state as well as to their local communities

23. Gunpowder was introduced from China, which changed the nature of battles between monarchs and the nobles who owned feudal property • The invention of the printing press and the use of local languages helped create national identity • Exploration of new lands also led to a sense of greater national identity.

24. How Did a Spirit of Exploration Become Part of the Western Worldview? • Governments & traders wanted to expand control of trade around Mediterranean • Monarchs wanted to gain the wealth that came from trading with the East • New trade routes; increased geographic knowledge; new sailing technologies spurred the start of the Age of Exploration (Discovery) • Began in the early 15th century til 17th century

25. Important Terms!!! • Expansionism: What the heck is this? -Expanding the territory or economic influence of a country. -Expanding a nations boundaries -Taking over more land What is this picture suggesting?

26. Europeans wanted/needed to expand their control to other parts of the world • this territorial or economic expansion to other countries is call expansionism • Resulted in the spreading of the Western worldview to other continents of the world

27. Factors Affecting ExpansionismThe Need for New Trade Routes • Merchants would form a company and pool their money together to fund trading trips and would share the profits for the sale of goods. • Making a profit through trade became an important part of the European world view. • “In the Name of God and Of Profit”on account books

28. Countries like Spain, Portugal, France and England wanted to cut out the middle-men in the trading route. (Italian or Muslim traders) • Wealthy Merchants and Monarchs started to fund new exploratory trading routes to the East

29. New Ideas and KnowledgeGeography • Aristotle (Greek Philosopher) - believed that the earth was round and flat, like a plate • Ptolemy (Egyptian Geographer) - believed that it was round (like a ball) but only one ocean. • Islamic and European scientists such as __________ agreed with this • Sailors were confident to sail westwards & believed that they could sail west to Asia

30. Interest in Learning More About the World • Humanism & Travel Writers created an interest in trade and exploration. • Advances in cartography [distribution of maps & navigation tables], navigation [use of astrolabe], and shipbuilding [carracks & caravel] • Astrolabe and Compass: Sailors went from always being close to the shore, to being able to navigate in open waters.

31. How did the Age of Exploration Begin? • A European desire to expand their influence to other areas of the world became a major part of their worldview. European explorers would spread the Western worldview to all inhabited continents of the world.

32. Portugal, France, Spain and England became the leading players in the Age of Exploration because: • POSITION– An Atlantic coastline • MONARCHS – Sponsored explorers by financing their voyages. • TECHNOLOGY – New ship designs, navigational tools (astrolabe) and navigational information enables explorers to sail the new-world and far-off lands..

33. The new values of travel & exploration, consumerism and accumulation of wealth fueled the race for new trade routes. • The Roman Catholic Church was very involved in the exploration of new lands because it wanted to spread Christianity.

34. Portugal • Early 1400’s: Portuguese sailors sailed around the southern tip of Africe to establish a trade route to India & China. • The city of Lisbon became the main trading city of Europe. • Bartholomew Diaz and Vasco da Gama were 2 of Portugal’s most famous explorers at this time.

35. Spain • The Spanish were envious of Portugal’s wealth and started their own series of explorations. • Spanish explorers sailed west to try to reach Asia’s eastern shores; however, they did not realize that the Americas were in between Spain and Asia.

36. England • England started focusing on exploration in the 16th century. • English explorers, Martin Frobisher and John Davis, looked for a North West passage through Canada to India & China. • By the 17th century, England had more colonies along the North American Atlantic coast and in the West Indies than any other European power.

37. France • At first, France was preoccupied by wars with England and Italy. • France sponsored expeditions to areas that were farther north and west. • Cartier’s explorations set the stage for France’s future exploration and colonization of the New World.

39. More Important Terms! • Imperialism: What does this mean? • Look in your text book (p. 109) • Write the meaning of this word in your notes! • From expansionism the goal become imperialism.

40. Imperialism: • The policy of a country or empire to extend its authority or domination by political, economic, or military means. • Lets talk about worldview? • What would the worldview be of a country who believed in imperialism? What would they value?

41. How Did the Age of Exploration Lead to Imperialism? • Britain and Spain had built huge empires that spanned the globe. • Through policies of imperialism these countries maintained control over the inhabitants and resources of the New World. • Built on the desire to increase wealth and power • The colonies & land they controlled were to further the interests & increase wealth of home country

42. The European view of the rest of the world • Europeans believed that they were culturally and politically superior, therefore they had every right to control the people and resources of these new lands. • The indigenous people were not considered as equals. • Belief that one’s own race and culture was superior to those people of other societies is known as enthnocentrism

43. Imperialism: • The policy of a country or empire to extend its authority or domination by political, economic, or military means. • Lets talk about worldview? • What would the worldview be of a country who believed in imperialism? What would they value?

44. The Game of Risk= Imperialism at its Finest! Sweatshops: Modern day imperialism?? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MljpjyQ-E-M

45. Ethnocentrism? • Write this definition in your notes (p. 110) • What is an example of ethnocentrism?

46. Examples of ethnocentrism • Aztecs & Incas (Spanish) • Chinese & Indians (British, Portuguese) • First Nations in N.A (British, French) • Africans as slaves • Caribbean (Spanish, British) HOW? Government, Religion, Land, Slavery

47. How Did the Exchange of Goods and Products Change the World? • The exchange of foodstuffs, metals, plants, animals and diseases affected economies and changed traditional ways of life of people around the world. • Europeans introduced: Metals, Wheel, Work animals, Firearms, War technology • Product of Americas: Rubber, Canoes, Snowshoes, Toboggans, Chewing gum, Dyes, Medicinal plants

48. How Did the Exchange of Goods and Products Change the World? • European diseases had devastating effects on the local Indigenous people who did not have immunity to European diseases. • It is estimated that 75% to 90% of the Aboriginal population died as a result of European disease.

49. How Did Imperialism Affect European Worldviews? Ideas & Knowledge • Although Europeans considered their way of life as superior, they were impressed by the First Nations ideas of personal liberty, leadership & consensus government and lack of emphasis on personal property. • Europeans saw the New World as a place offering new opportunities , free land & escape from religious persecution. • Because of the ideas taken from the First Nations, Personal freedom, leadership, individual choice of religion are key parts of the modern Western Worldview.

50. How Did Imperialism Affect European Worldviews? Economic Systems • As more goldand silvercame into Europe from the New World, its buying power was reduced which resulted in inflation. • The price of goods rose due to this inflation which caused hardships for the common people who did not have the wealth from colonies. • Spain and France purchased most of their goods from other countries which led to industrialization in countries such as England, Germany and the Netherlands. • By the end of 17th century, power was shifting from Spain and Portugal to these countries due to this initial industrial development.