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Dive deep into the study of spatial distances between individuals in different cultures and situations. Understand the boundaries of intimate, personal, social, and public spaces. Explore the history of collaborative space design, from Weiser's ubicomp era to modern interactive tools. Discover the importance of distributed cognition and distinguishing pragmatic from epistemic action in human-computer interaction research.
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Paul Badger, Information Superhighway Anagrams Remote Collaboration Scott Klemmer · 17 October 2006
intimate personal social public Proxemics: Edward T. Hall • The study of spatial distances between individuals in different cultures and situations • The Hidden Dimension, 1966
intimate personal social public Proxemics: Edward T. Hall • The boundaries between these areas is highly culturally dependent • e.g., Southern Europe has closer boundaries for personal space than America
Proxemics: Intimate (<18") • Embracing and whispering
Proxemics: Personal (18“ – 4') • Friends and family, waiting in line
Proxemics: Social (4' – 12') • Communication among business associates • Separates strangers using public areas
Proxemics: Public (12' – 25') • Distance between audience and speaker
Angle of Orientation • Sommers 1959 Conversation Cooperation Competition
William H. Whyte (1917 - 1999) • The Social Life of Small Urban Spaces(book 1980, video 1984) • Results of the Street Life project • In addition to captivating results, an excellent case study in social science research methods
Closer to reality • Meyer TeamSpace • TideWave • Smart Ideas + CamFire
Design Issues, Principles, Research • Even today, building collaborative spaces is hard. Recent developments help: • DiamondTouch table & DiamondSpin toolkit (tables) • The Papier-Mâché toolkit (vision, rfid, barcode) • iROS and the PatchPanel (interactive rooms) • These tools all support simultaneous input by multiple people, and the latter two address heterogeneous devices
History • Weiser’s ubicomp era: LiveBoards • Fundamental contribution: computing at the wall scale • Commercial spinouts by LiveWorks, SMART • SMART now a $100m/yr business • Early/Mid 90s: Richer interactions • Digital Desk, Clearboard • More recently: Interacting across devices • iRoom!
Design Principles • Always on scanning • Geo-referenced I/O • Capture & Access
Next Time… Distributed Cognition Distributed Cognition: Toward a New Foundation for Human-Computer Interaction Research, James Hollan, Edwin Hutchins, and David Kirsh On Distinguishing Pragmatic from Epistemic Action, David Kirsh and Paul Maglio