Optimized treatment, recycling and use of degassed biomass as fertilizer Tyge Kjær

1. Optimized treatment, recycling and use of degassed biomass as fertilizer TygeKjær Roskilde University tk@ruc.dk

2. Large Scale Bioenergy Lab 2 • NutriFair2019 Optimized treatment • recycling •use NutriFair 2019 • The 16 January2019 • The biogasplant • Improving offertilizer product in new and existing biogas plant Combined heat and power (gasengine) Upgraded biogas to natural gas grid Biogas to industrial processes Biogas totransport Otherapplications • Biogassen • Perhaps twolines: • highquality • loadedline Slurry /manure Raw materials Biogas plant Residue Load with a.o. heavymetals To energy plant(combustion) Mainfocus Gasyield - Methane/tonne per organicingredients Additionalorganic material: - ResiduesAgriculture - deepbedding () Residue High quality Use onfields —> Highvicosity —> Thickfloating layer To thefield -straw - Residuesindustry: - Material contribu- tes to the gasyield • The mainfocus: • Nutrients: • - Nitrogen(4.5-5.0%) • phosphorus • potassium • Carbon content in residue • Industry • FeedProducer • Residueshousehold • Organicwaste • Greenresidues • Includingseaweed • digestiontime • Highest possible dry matter level -stirring Organic farming Plougfree farming Precision farming Fertilizer/carboncycle

3. Large Scale Bioenergy Lab 2 • NutriFair2019 Optimized treatment • recycling •use NutriFair 2019 • The 16 January2019 The biogasplant The experiments at Solrød BiogasA/S +Separation Gasmix Experiments U Storage tanks Digester2 Separation plant Biobang Investigated U V+F V+F Deflaker Fullscale U+V Digester1 Separation plant V+F V+F Enzymer Fullscale U+V ADBoster Investigated Collection for digestionexperiment U U+V Collection for digestion experiment and for viscositymeasurement Collection for viscosity measure- ment & floating layerdetermination U+V V+F Basic pretreating Experiments U+V Supply of normalmaterial

4. Large Scale Bioenergy Lab 2 • NutriFair2019 Optimized treatment • recycling •use NutriFair 2019 • The 16 January2019 • Succescriteria • The experiments at Solrød BiogasA/S • Lowviscosity • Less floatinglayer • Increase in biogas production (financialbasis) • Keeping nutrients inbiomass Afterpre-treatment Beforepre-treatment

5. Large Scale Bioenergy Lab 2 • NutriFair2019 Optimized treatment • recycling •use NutriFair 2019 • The 16 January2019 Circular economy • The foodflow Illustrated with US-materials •Danish conditions are different, but with the same trends Potentials for Circular economy Consumedfood Potentials for Circular economy

6. Large Scale Bioenergy Lab 2 • NutriFair2019 Optimized treatment • recycling •use NutriFair 2019 • The 16 January2019 The agricultureflow The linearsystem Agri- culture

7. Large Scale Bioenergy Lab 2 • NutriFair2019 Optimized treatment • recycling •use NutriFair 2019 • The 16 January2019 The agricultureflow The circular flow: (1) Nutrients (2) Energy (3) Greenhouse gasreduction Agri- culture

8. Large Scale Bioenergy Lab 2 • NutriFair2019 Optimized treatment • recycling •use NutriFair 2019 • The 16 January2019 The circulareconomy Lifecycle From cradle tograve Block diagram:Circular economy TotalN Of thisNH4-N phosphorus potassium Thecarbon Input cropProduction CropProduction Input followproduction Substitutionof fossilsenergy Circular economy Biogasplant as»engine« Substitutionof fossilsenergy Husbandry Pig/Cattle Residues product Residues product Substitutionof fossilsenergy Production offoods other biologicalproducts Residues product Substitutionof fossilsenergy Consumption / use Food &Ingredient CO2displacement CO2displacement from energy consumption from organicwaste Reduction of nutrientslosses Removing nutrients fromthe recipient. Energy production Biogas power/heat Removing nutrients from the recipient. Reduction oflosses ofnutrients Recipient / beach (Aquaticenvironment) Greenhouse gas - displa- cement of greenhousegas Energy Use of biologicalresidues

9. Large Scale Bioenergy Lab 2 • NutriFair2019 Optimized treatment • recycling •use NutriFair 2019 • The 16 January2019 Greenhouse gasses (CO2equivalents) Prices, Effect and Actionplans Prices: CO2 European Emission Allowances Actual: 22,55 € per tons (January2019) Government's climateplan 2018

10. Large Scale Bioenergy Lab 2 • NutriFair2019 Optimized treatment • ecycling•use NutriFair 2019 • The 16 January2019 SolrødBiogas +Environment +Energy +Economy = Circulareconomy Total N: 848tonnes Of this NH4-N:614tonnes Phosphorus: 102tons Potassium:234tons The carbon: 8440tons 3,6 8,4 The field: 3.100tons Crop Production Input followproduction Excipients, energy 10 5 Transport in/out Operation &maintenance Biogasplant Raw materials 191,000 tons Gasproduction: 9,3 mio.m3 Slurry:41.500 Husbandry Pig/Cattle Excipients, energy 5,8 Salary Kelco:79.400 Chr.H:60.000 ? 6,5 Product Based Food andingredients Excipients, energy Employment Annualnumber 15 Quotaprice: 22,55€/tons Excipients, energy Consumption / use Food &Ingredient Economicbenefits 24-31 4,9 in million Danishkroner Organics: 11.900tons El/heat: 29.200tons Turnover: 35mio.dkr Removing nutrients 75 tons N • 8,5 tonsP 7,0 3,1 El-production: 22.580MWh Removing nutrients 69-80 tons N, 8,5 tonP Standard calculation: 240kr/tons Seaweed:7.400 Recipient / beach (Aquaticenvironment) Heat-production: 27.540MWh Greenhouse gas -net: 43.700tons Energy: 6 mio m3 metan - Biogas net: 55.100MWh

11. Large Scale Bioenergy Lab 2 • NutriFair2019 Optimized treatment • recycling •use NutriFair 2019 • The 16 January2019 New Biogasplant Proposal: 120,000 tons - expected turnover: 21.2 million. Dkrannually Local economic impact: 24.4 mio. (directly 21.2mio.) Conventionel Manure: 103.700 tons Deep litter: 4.000 tons Straw/beettops 11.200 tons Biogasplant Rawmaterials: 120.000 tons Gas production: 41.200MWh Residues: 115.200tons Nutrients: 827 tonsNPK El-net 16.700MWh Gasengine In: 41.200MWh Elout: 16.700MWh Heat out: 21.600MWh Organic District Heating 10.900MWh Sugarbeettops Straw Householdwaste 1.100 tons Household Recirculation ofnutrients 827 tons NPK + Recirculation ofCarbon

12. Large Scale Bioenergy Lab 2 • NutriFair2019 Optimized treatment • recycling •use NutriFair 2019 • The 16 January2019 New Biogasplant Proposal: 120,000 tons - expected turnover: 21.2 million. Dkrannually Local economic impact: 24.4 mio. (directly 21.2mio.) Salary Manure: 103.700 tons Deep litter: 4.000 tons Straw/beettops 11.200 tons 1K,4onmvi.odkrrift El-net 16.700MWh Gasengine In: 41.200MWh El output: 16.700MWh Heat output: 21.600MWh Biogasplant Råvarer: 120S.0a0la0rytobnisogas FØarkmop.rdordifutct Districtheat Horslunde Gaspro1d,u5kmtioion:kr 41.200MWh Residues: 115.200tons 5,5 miokr 10.900MWh Sukkeroer Heating Household: 5,5 miokr Nutrients: Household 1.100Staolnasry trans. 827 tonsNPK 1,2 miokr Valueof GHGreduction ValueNPK 6,1 miokr 3,2 miokr Recirculation ofnutrients 827 tons NPK + Recirculation ofCarbon

13. Large Scale Bioenergy Lab 2 • NutriFair2019 Optimized treatment • recycling •use NutriFair 2019 • The 16 January2019 Thankyou for yourattention