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Echinoderms and chordates

Dive into the world of Echinoderms and Chordates with lab assignments, group projects, and insights into their unique characteristics, classifications, and anatomies. Explore different species, their groupings, and conduct experiments to test hypotheses.

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Echinoderms and chordates

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  1. Echinoderms and chordates

  2. Announcements *There will be a quiz next lab period *Assignment for this lab include pages 95, 96, 97, 98, 99 100, 101.

  3. Group project -Choose your group (usually 4) -Start to out-line (Project proposal-worth 5 points) 1-Hypothesis or question you want to ask with some back groud informations and justification 2-How you are going to test this hypothesis or solve this question (number of samples, type of data) 3-What kind of statistical analysis you will perform 4-The oral presentation must be in powerpoint format

  4. This lab • Why they are grouped together • Different Echinoderms • Different Chordates • Dissecting two distantly related chordates

  5. Echinoderms and chordates * They are grouped together b/c 1- they are metazoans 2-deuterostome mode of development 3-enterocoelom out-pocketing of the gut into mesoderm layer

  6. Echinoderms 1-exclusively marine 2-internal skeleton (calcareous with protruding spines on the surface…spiny skin) 3-coelomic cavity forms a water-vascular system 4-tube feet (extension of coelomic canals with suction pads) 5-radial symmetry 6-male & female 7-gas exchange through body wall or tube feet. 8-ciliated larvae

  7. Echinoderms 1-Crinoidea (feather star) -primitive -filter feeders -feathery arms 2-Asteroidea(sea stars) - 5 arms or more -carnivores 3-Ophiuroidea(brittle star) -long arms (snake stars) -more mobile by crawling

  8. Echinoderms 4-Echinoidea(sea urchins) -covered with spines -no arms -solid skeletal encasement -scraping teeth (feed on algae) 5-Holothuroidea(sea cucumbers) -no arms -few calcareous plates -no spines -body elongated

  9. Chordates 1- gills slits 2-notochord 3-dorsal hollow nerve tube 4-post-anal tail 4-metamerism (segmentally arranged blocks of muscles) 5-bilateral symmetry The world is numerically dominated by invertebrates and microorganisms

  10. Chordates 1-Urochordata or tunicates(sea squirts) -show the derived character only during larval stage -notochord& metamerism are in the tail 2-Cephalochordata(amphioxus) -adults show the derived characters -notochord extend to the head 3-Vertebrata a-Fish… paraphyletic group contain 5 classes b-class Amphibians(frogs) -tetrapod -lungs

  11. Chordates C- class Reptilia… paraphyletic group of 5 differentiated based on the presence or absence of openings in the temporal bone D-class Aves E-class Mammalia -mammary gland -4 chambered heart -synapsid skull -variable teeth -complete diaphragm -endothermy -large brain P.s. the ancestor of the last 3 classes share 1-shelled eggs or viviparity 2-amniotic egg

  12. Class Mammalia 1-order Carnivora (cat) 2-order Perissodactyla (horse) 3-order Artiodactyla (cow) 4-order Cetacea (dolphins) 5-order Rodentia (rat and mice) 6-order primates (human)

  13. Anatomy of the fore-limb in horse and human 1-Scapula 2-Humerus 3-Radius and Ulna 4-Carpus 5-Metacarpus 6-Phalanges

  14. What should I do now 1- dissect frog and/or rat 2-demo 3-answer the questions 4-ask if there is uncertainty

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