1 / 34

Vanessa Hatje CIENAM Universidade Federal da Bahia

Workshop GEOTRACES BRAZIL Santos - April, 2015 An introduction to the program. Vanessa Hatje CIENAM Universidade Federal da Bahia. GEOTRACES International Programme. Co-chairs: Reiner Schlitzer (AWI, Germany) Ed Boyle (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, US)

jmadera
Download Presentation

Vanessa Hatje CIENAM Universidade Federal da Bahia

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Workshop GEOTRACES BRAZIL Santos - April, 2015 An introduction to the program Vanessa Hatje CIENAM Universidade Federal da Bahia

  2. GEOTRACES International Programme • Co-chairs: Reiner Schlitzer (AWI, Germany)Ed Boyle (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, US) • GEOTRACES is an international programme which aims to improve the understanding of biogeochemical cycles and large-scale distribution of trace elements and their isotopes in the marine environment • Scientists from approximately 35 nations have been involved in the programme, which is designed to study all major ocean basins over the next decade • GEOTRACES Science Plan (2006)

  3. GEOTRACES Mission “To identify processes and quantify fluxes that control the distributions of key trace elements and isotopes (TEIs) in the ocean, and to establish the sensitivity of these distributions to changing environmental conditions”

  4. What are ‘key’ elements? They include: • Those acting as micronutrients to control ocean productivity and ecosystems(e.g. Fe, Zn, Cd, Cu, Ni, Co, Mn) • Those tracing modern processes in the ocean (e.g. Al, REEs, Ra and Th isotopes, 3He, 15N) • Contaminants in the present and future ocean (e.g. Pb, Hg) • Chemical species used as proxies to reconstruct past climate (e.g. 231Pa, 230Th, Cd, 15N, 30Si, Ba)

  5. What are the antecipated benefits? They include: Identify sources and sinks and quantify internal cycling of essential micronutrients (e.g., Fe, Zn, Co, Cd, Cu). Calibrate geochemical tracers used to reconstruct past ocean conditions (e.g., circulation, chemistry, biological productivity, carbon fluxes) for more reliable applications. Quantify groundwater supply of dissolved materials. Improve predictions of the transport and fate of contaminants.

  6. Timeliness Substantial interdisciplinary benefits of disciplinary study of ocean geochemistry Now 30 years since last global program in marine geochemistry (GEOSECS) Improved ability to sample the ocean without contamination Increased sensitivity of analytical instrumentation Advances in modeling permit rates and fluxes to be derived

  7. GEOTRACES Themes: • Theme 1: Fluxes and processes at ocean interfaces: atmospheric deposition; continental run-off; sediment-water boundary; ocean crust • Theme 2: Internal cycling: Uptake/removal and regeneration in water; seafloor regeneration; physical circulation • Theme 3: Development of proxies for past change

  8. Highlights of timeline • 2000 Group discussions at international meetings • 2001 Fall AGU special session and open town hall meeting • 2003 International Planning Workshop (Funded by NSF) • SCOR sponsorship and establishment of Planning Group • 2004 National planning meetings and writing of Science Plan starts 2006 Science Plan published; SSC forms 2007-09 First cruises; IPY and intercalibration • 2007 Basin planning workshops (Hawaii; Oxford; Goa) First (of 3) Model-Data Workshop (Delmenhorst, Paris, Barcelona) 2009 First (of 3) Arctic workshops (Delmenhorst, Vancouver, Moscow) • International Project Office (IPO) set up (Toulouse);Formal launch of GEOTRACES programme at Ocean Sciences meeting • 2010-15 24 GEOTRACES Section Cruises 16 GEOTRACES Process Study Cruises; 3 compliant data • 2012 Latin America Workshop meeting • Launch of first Intermediate Data Product • GEOTRACES BRAZIL workshop

  9. Strategy for Global Ocean Coverage • International workshops define priorities for each basin • National committees select elements based on: National priorities Anticipated benefits Resources Interests and expertise • Coordination via international SSC

  10. Status of GEOTRACES Section Cruises 52 cruises (24 GEOTRACES Section cruises) completed In red: Planned Sections In yellow: Completed Sections In black: Sections completed as GEOTRACES contribution to the IPY

  11. Global Ocean Coverage Completed GA02: Netherlands (2010/11) GA03: USA (2010/11) GA06: UK (2011) GA10: UK (2010/11) GA11: Germany (2010) GA04: Netherlands and Spain (2013) GA01: France (2014-2015) Future plansGA08: Germany

  12. What does the programme do? GEOTRACES science is funded and organised by individual nations GEOTRACES as a programme is more than the sum of these national efforts • Intercalibration • Data Management • International Project Office and Steering Committee • Planning, co-ordination and capacity building

  13. Intercalibration Ensuring that data from different nations and different regions is consistent and of high quality • Standards and Intercalibration Committee (Greg Cutter and Maeve Lohan) • Two US-NSF funded cruises dedicated to international measurement intercalibration (2008, 2009; Cutter, Bruland, Sherrell) • Writing of “Cook Books” including recommended (but not required) measurement practice • Production and distribution of GEOTRACES seawater standards (Bruland et al.) • Publication of L&O Methods Special Issue with 24 peer-reviewed papers: “Intercalibration in Chemical Oceanography” (eds. Cutter, Croot, Andersson) • Workshops to improve intercalibration and measurement practice (e.g. Hg, particles)

  14. Data Management Oversight by Data Management Committee – co-chaired by Andy Bowie & Alessandro Tagliabue GEOTRACES Data Assembly Centre (GDAC) at BODC, UK. www.bodc.ac.uk/geotraces/ GEOTRACES Data Manager: Abby Bull geotraces.dac@bodc.ac.uk

  15. International Project Office (IPO) www.geotraces.org GEOTRACES International Project Officer Elena Masferrer Dodas ipo@geotraces.org Scientific Director: Catherine Jeandel Hosted at LEGOS, Toulouse International Scientific Steering Committee co-chaired by Ed Boyle and Reiner Schlitzer representatives of 15 nations

  16. Capacity Building Trace metal - clean sampling technology and methods Many nations lack infrastructure and expertise for clean sampling Principal barrier is sampling at sea, not analyses GEOTRACES offers international assistance in design, construction and use of clean sampling systems

  17. Planning and building 2013 Atlantic Arctic 2 2010 Arctic 1 Arctic 3 2007 2008 2006 2009 2011 Asian 1 Pacific Asian 2 Indian 2012 SSC meetings S. America Regional planning 2014 Early planning Plus many national and cruise meetings, intercalibration meetings, conference sessions, data-model synergy meetings, COST meetings…

  18. GEOTRACES Science Highlights: Example The power of tracers: a 3D animation example of Thorium-230 along GEOTRACES North Atlantic Sections http://vimeo.com/69990808

  19. GEOTRACES Science Highlights: Example GEOTRACES scientists discover new variability in iron supply to the oceans with climate implications The amount of dissolved iron released into the ocean from continental margins displays variability not currently captured by ocean-climate prediction models. The amount of iron leaking from continental margins sediments was previously assumed to reflect rates of microbial activity within the sediments Dr. William Homoky and co-authors found that rate of iron released from seafloor sediments close to continents is actually far more varied between regions because of local differences in weathering and erosion on land Homoky, W. B. et al. Distinct iron isotopic signatures and supply from marine sediment dissolution (2013), Nature Communications, 4:2143, DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3143

  20. GEOTRACES Science Highlights: Example A global compilation of dissolved iron measurements: focus on distributions and processes in the Southern Ocean A data synthesis effort of over 13,000 observations of dissolved iron concentrations. More than doubled the previous data compilation Overall, more observations have been collected in the past 5 years under the auspices of the International Polar Year and GEOTRACES efforts than were collected in the prior ~15 years Alessandro Tagliabue's and co-authors analysis was able to highlight where observations are lacking in a particular region or time of year, which they hope will assist future sampling efforts Tagliabue, A., et al. (2012) A global compilation of dissolved iron measurements: focus on distributions and processes in the Southern Ocean, Biogeosciences, 9, 2333-2349, doi:10.5194/bg-9-2333-2012.

  21. GEOTRACES Science Highlights: Example Substantial intra-basin variation of the dissolved metal/phosphorus ratio in the different water masses of the Indian Ocean The first simultaneous, full-depth, and basin-scale section-distribution of dissolved Al, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb in the Indian Ocean (GI04), show an important variability of the dissolved metal/phosphorus ratio among the water masses These results question the validity of using an "extended Redfield ratio" to trace metals. The consistent mechanism yielding these variations remains to be understood. Thi Dieu Vu, H., Sohrin, Y. (2013) Diverse stoichiometry of dissolved trace metals in the Indian Ocean, Scientific Reports 3, DOI: 10.1038/srep01745

  22. GEOTRACES Science Highlights: Example New beautiful results on marine particle speciation, a challenge for the GEOTRACES community... Advanced Light Source x-ray spectromicroscopy (XANES) allows a fine description of the marine Fe pool chemical speciation and mineralogy The paper identifies a diverse array of iron particles, showing impressive variations in the oxidation state and composition of iron particles between the coasts of South Africa and Antarctica As particle speciation is directly linked to the element solubilities, these differences may affect the production of bioavailable dissolved iron B. P. von der Heyden, A. N. Roychoudhury, T. N. Mtshali1, T. Tyliszczak, S. C. B. Myneni. (2012). Chemically and Geographically Distinct Solid-Phase Iron Pools in the Southern Ocean: Science 338 (6111): 1199-1201.

  23. GEOTRACES Science Highlights: Example Arsenic detoxification by phytoplankton reveals that arsenic species could be good proxies of phosphorus limitation Some phytoplankton species have the capacity to modify surface water arsenic speciation, inhibiting its toxicity when phosphate concentrations are below those for arsenic (As) During GEOTRACES cruise (GA03), fine determination of As speciation allowed establishing the potential use of these detoxification products as indicators of phosphorus (P) limitation Wurl, O., L. Zimmer, and G.A. Cutter. 2013. Arsenic and phosphorus biogeochemistry in the ocean: Arsenic species as proxies for P-limitation. Limnol. Oceanogr. 58: 729-740.

  24. GEOTRACES Science Highlights: Example Radium quartet reveals no less than four main processes along the GEOTRACES North Atlantic Ocean section (30°N) • Mediterranean outflow spreading rate of 0.52-0.60 cm/s derived from 228Ra, • Evidence of substantial sediment/water interaction in the benthic boundary layer along the oxygen minimum zones • Decoupling between 223Ra and the other Ra isotope sources over the mid-Atlantic Ridge, and • Significant SGD western Atlantic. Charette et al., 2015 

  25. What is the IDP-2014? • Aims: • release a data product early in the programme • strengthen the collaboration within the project by sharing data • attract scientists from other communities (physical and biological oceanography, modelling)

  26. GEOTRACES Intermediate Data Product 2014 • It includes hydrographic and marine geochemical data acquired during the first 3 years of the programme • Digital Data Package(available at www.bodc.ac.uk/geotraces/data/idp2014/) • eGEOTRACES Electronic Atlas (available at www.egeotraces.org) • Two parts: 26

  27. Parameters • Includes 237 parameters Classical hydrographic parameters T, S, O2, PO4, NO3, Silicate, CFC, SF6, Tritium, He3, etc. Dissolved and particulate trace elements Ag, Al, Ba, Cd, Cu, Fe, Ga, Hf, I, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Ti, U, REEs Stable isotopes 2H, 13C, 15N, 18O, 30Si, 56Fe, 110Cd, 114Cd, 143Nd, etc. Radioactive isotopes 210Pb, 210Po, 230Th, 231Pa, 232Th, 234Th, etc. 27

  28. Geographical coverage 15 cruises 796 stations 27,366 samples 28

  29. Where to find it: http://www.bodc.ac.uk/geotraces/data/idp2014

  30. GEOTRACES Publications • 450 GEOTRACES-related peer-reviewed papers included in the GEOTRACES Database available on the GEOTRACES site: http://www.geotraces.org/library/scientific-publications/peer-reviewed-papers • 20 PhD GEOTRACES-related Dissertations included in the GEOTRACES Database available on the GEOTRACES site: http://www.geotraces.org/library/scientific-publications/phd-dissertations

  31. GEOTRACES Special Issues: GEOTRACES Publications • Special issue of Limnology and Oceanography: Methods entitled, “Intercalibration in Chemical Oceanography”devoted to GEOTRACES Intercalibration:http://www.aslo.org/lomethods/si/intercal2012.html • Forthcoming in Progress in Oceanography a special volume dedicated to the 2011 GEOTRACES Data Model Synergy Workshop (Barcelona, 14-17 November 2011). • Several special issues dedicated to GEOTRACES Cruises.

  32. GEOTRACES Researchers Analytical Expertise Database Looking for a specific expertise in the analysis of marine samples for trace elements and isotopes? • More than 120 researchers registered • S&I Committee reviews and validates each new registration • Available on the GEOTRACES web site:http://www.geotraces.org/science/geotraces-researchers-analytical-expertise-database • Please encourage your colleagues to register! On-line form available on the GEOTRACES site

  33. GEOTRACES eNewsletter Please sign it! http://www.geotraces.org/outreach/geotraces-enewsletter

  34. Thank you very much! GEOTRACES COMMUNITY and International Coordination: GEOTRACES International Project Office (LEGOS-OMP, Toulouse, France) Catherine Jeandel (Scientific Director) Elena Masferrer Dodas (Executive Officer) www.geotraces.org

More Related