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Explore the theory, research, and application of optimism, emotional intelligence (EI), and self-efficacy. Learn about hope, happiness, and SWB, and understand the role of emotions and intelligence in EI. Dive into the sources and processes of self-efficacy, and discover how these elements contribute to better citizenship and job performance. This chapter frames concepts within the positive psychology movement, presenting valued subjective experiences and positive individual traits.
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Chapter Nine Positive Psychology Approach to OB: Optimism, Emotional Intelligence, and Self-Efficacy
Learning Objectives • Frame the chapter in terms of the positive psychology movement • Discuss the theory, research, and application of optimism • Provide, within the discussion of optimism, the follow-up related positive psychology concepts of hope and happiness/subjective well-being (SWB) • Present the theory, research, and application of emotional intelligence (EI) • Explain the specific roles that emotion and intelligence play in emotional intelligence
Learning Objectives (cont.) • Present the theory, research, and application of self-efficacy • Give particular attention to the processes and sources of efficacy
Positive Psychology Valued Subjective Experiences Positive Individual Traits Civic Virtues and Institutions that Move People Towards Better Citizenship
Types Of Emotions Positive Primary Emotions Other Descriptors Negative Primary Emotions Other Descriptors Love/affection Happiness/joy Surprise Acceptance, adoration, longing, devotion, infatuation Cheerfulness, contentment, bliss, delight, amusement, enjoyment, enthrallment, thrill, euphoria, zest Amazement, wonder, astonishment, shock Fear Sadness Anger Disgust Shame Anxiety, alarm, apprehension, concern, qualm, dread, fright, terror Grief, disappointment, sorrow, gloom, despair, suffering, dejection Outrage, exasperation, wrath, indignation, hostility, irritability Contempt, disdain, abhorrence, revulsion, distaste Guilt, remorse, regret, embarrassment, humiliation
Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences Original Intelligences Characteristics “New” Intelligences Characteristics 1. Logical/mathematical 2. Verbal/linguistic 3. Interpersonal 4. Intrapersonal 5. Visual/spatial 6. Musical 7. Bodily/kinesthetic Processes analytically, calculates, quantifies Thoughts through words, uses word to nurture Understands others, processes through interaction, empathizes, humor Thinks in quiet, likes to be alone, goal oriented Uses mental models, thinks three dimensionally, pictures how to get places or solve problems Sensitivity to pitch, melody, rhythm Physical movement, involves the whole body, processes by jumping or dancing 8. Naturalist 9. Existential 10. Anger Need to be with/survive in nature, strength in categorization in nature or urban world Not religion per se, knowing why you are here, personal mission Emotionally mature, recognize own anger, reacts to emotions of self and others
Cognitive Abilities Related To Job Performance Mental Ability Characteristics of Ability Verbal comprehension Numerical Spatial visualization Perceptual speed Memory Inductive reasoning Comprehend what is read or heard, understand what words mean and the relationships to one another Make fast and accurate arithmetic computation Perceive spatial patterns, imagine how an object would look if position in space were changed Quickly identify visual similarities and differences, carry out tasks needing visual perception Rote memory, retain and recall past incidents/experiences Identify logical sequence from specific to general
Major Sources Of Information For Self-Efficacy Mastery Experiences or Performance Attainments Vicarious Experiences or Modeling Physiological and Psychological Arousal Social Persuasion Self- Efficacy