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Building a USB 2.0 Camera for Pi of The Sky Project

This project involves building a CCD camera for astronomical observations to study Gamma Ray Bursts and sky flashes, using FPGA and USB technology.

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Building a USB 2.0 Camera for Pi of The Sky Project

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  1. Institute: ISE, group: PERGCCD USB 2.0 Camera for the Pi of The Sky ProjectGrzegorz Kasprowiczsemester: T1EL-PECooperation with Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studiesdr hab. Grzegorz Wrochna

  2. Project „p of the Sky” • Motivation • Search for optical counterparts of Gamma Ray Bursts • Investigate undocumented observations of point-like flashes in the sky • Open a new window on the Universe - short time scale observations

  3. Project „p of the Sky” • Goals • Observe non-stop almost all visible sky with a few seconds resolution • Record sky images 15s before and after satellite GRB trigger • Search for point-like flashes

  4. Project „p of the Sky” Apparatus: • 16 CCD cameras, 2000x2000 pixels each • f=50mm lenses, each covering 35ox35o • full frame (128 MB) readout every 6s • real time processing of all data (trigger) • remote operation, controlled over internet

  5. Aim of the presented work • General : building CCD Camera for the Pi of The Sky project • In current semester :building a final version of camera

  6. Specification: • Sensor: Fairchild CCD442A • USB 2.0 Interface • Programmable readout time (1s-100s) • 2048x2048 active pixels, 15x15um each • 16 bit ADC • Programmable exposure ( shutter) time (0.01...655s) • MPP/BC mode • Amplification (0..15dB e/ADU) • Controller software upgrade via USB • FPGA configuration upgrade via USB • Peltier cooling of CCD • Temperature measurement: CCD, case, ambient • CCD temperature control • Build in mechanical shutter • Focusing motor control

  7. Own work done in current semester: • Building and testing prototype, based on MAX series PLD • Building the final version of camera based on Cyclone series FPGA • Designing and constructing a mechanical part of camera (case, shutter, cooling) – with help of my brother

  8. Hardware structure ofthe project(part of all) • - 16 identical cameras • - USB HUB • - cameras supply • ( ~ 5W each) • - cooling(Peltier cells) • (~ 30W each) • common power • supply(+7V,~17V) • /100W • Common cooling supply • +12V/500W • - water radiator & fan • PC-cooling

  9. II Prototype -Construction optymizing (electrical) -Testing USB transmission, developing USB controller & FPGA programms

  10. Prototype control application „First light” - pinhole - visible readout noises, caused by digital circuits and not optimised connections Grayscale to color conversion used

  11. CCD USB 2.0 Camera block diagram - USB interface - FPGA + config - DRAM - ADC+CDS - Video amplifier - Supply - CCD temperature control - motors drivers - CCD supply & drivers

  12. Mechanical part of camera -Shutter made up with HDD linear motor , much cheaper than commercial solutions (500$) -tested endurance limit (over 150 hours,6 cycles per second) -Focusing motor -Case -Inactive gas outlet -Lenses -Cooling(in future will be used water block) -supply,motor and USB connectors -gas inlet -fixing

  13. Final version Power supply board Top view Main board Side view

  14. Final version Shuter,foc.motor Completed construction Completed construction „First shot”

  15. Achieved results: • Building and testing II protptype • Building and testing final version of camera and one’s mechanical part Further plans: • Implementation of more advanced algorithms, like Windowing, Drift Scan, Tracking is possible because configuration of camera takes about 5% of FPGA resources, and in this direction construction will be developed.

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