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Peach Rusty Spot Management

Peach Rusty Spot Management. N. Lalancette, Ph.D. Assoc. Prof. & Specialist in Tree Fruit Pathology Rutgers Agricultural Research & Extension Center Bridgeton, New Jersey. Topics Importance Causal Agent Symptoms & Identification Epidemiology Management Cultural Control

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Peach Rusty Spot Management

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  1. Peach Rusty SpotManagement N. Lalancette, Ph.D. Assoc. Prof. & Specialist in Tree Fruit Pathology Rutgers Agricultural Research & Extension Center Bridgeton, New Jersey

  2. Topics • Importance • Causal Agent • Symptoms & Identification • Epidemiology • Management • Cultural Control • Chemical Control • Biorational Control • Cultivar Resistance • Summary

  3. Importance • First observed in Idaho ‘Elberta’ peach • orchard (Blodgett, 1941) • Occurs in peach growing regions of the United States and Europe • Fruit infection approaches 100% on highly • susceptible cultivars if left unprotected • Yield loss ranging from $11/A in 1996 to • $204/A in 1997 ( NJ IPM survey)

  4. Causal Agent • “Apple mildew on peach” (Manji, 1972, CA) • - rusty spot like symptoms • Disease gradient in peach orchard down- wind of apple block (Ries & Royce, 1978, IL) • Molecular identification of Podosphaera • leucotricha(Jankovics et. al., 2011, Hungary) • Other agents?

  5. Symptoms & Indentification

  6. Symptoms • Rusty spot symptoms occur only on fruit • Symptoms 1st appear 2-3 weeks after shuck split • Spots mostly circular, sometimesinitially white • Lesions turn rust-colored, from center outward

  7. Symptoms • Lesions expand and can coalesce • Epidermis and trichomes become necrotic (die) • Lesion surface russetted, smooth (no trichomes) • Cracking can occur during pre-harvest swell

  8. Epidemiology

  9. Epidemiology Temporal Analysis • Control recommendations as recent as 1995: • Apply sprays “at shuck split and continue on an eight- to 10-day schedule” • Can result in as many as 6 to 8 sprays

  10. Epidemiology Temporal Analysis of Rusty Spot Epidemics 1999 & 2000 • Experimental Test Site • Jerseyqueen orchard w. history of rusty spot • No fungicide sprays applied all season • Disease Assessments • Examined fruit from shuck-off to harvest • Disease incidence: proportion infected fruit

  11. Epidemiology Peach Rusty Spot Disease Progression 2000 Jerseyqueen Orchard 19June 10May

  12. Epidemiology Peach Rusty Spot Disease Progression 2000 Jerseyqueen Orchard

  13. Epidemiology Peach Rusty Spot Disease Progression 2000 Jerseyqueen Orchard 10May 18Aug

  14. Epidemiology Peach Rusty Spot Disease Progression Epidemic Phases JQ ’99 JQ ’00 Growth Static Decline

  15. Chemical Control Fungicidal Control • Application Timing? • Effective Fungicides?

  16. Fungicide Application Timing StudyMaterials and Methods Statistical Design RCBD with five replicates in Jerseyqueen orchard Single-tree plots surrounded non-sprayed buffers Fungicide Treatments Myclobutanil (Nova 40W @ 5 oz/A in 100 gpa) 0-8 applications starting at petal fall (PF,SS,1C-6C) Chemical Control

  17. Chemical Control Peach Rusty Spot Disease Progress Jerseyqueen - 1999 Fungicide Timing # None 0

  18. Chemical Control Peach Rusty Spot Disease Progress Jerseyqueen - 1999 <PF Fungicide Timing # None 0 PF 1

  19. Chemical Control Peach Rusty Spot Disease Progress Jerseyqueen - 1999 <PF SS Fungicide Timing # None 0 PF 1 PF, SS 2

  20. Chemical Control Peach Rusty Spot Disease Progress Jerseyqueen - 1999 <PF SS 1C Fungicide Timing # None 0 PF 1 PF, SS 2 PF-1C 3

  21. Chemical Control Peach Rusty Spot Disease Progress Jerseyqueen - 1999 <PF SS 1C 2C Fungicide Timing # None 0 PF 1 PF, SS 2 PF-1C 3 PF-2C 4

  22. Chemical Control Peach Rusty Spot Disease Progress Jerseyqueen - 1999 <PF SS 1C 2C 3C 4C 5C 6C Fungicide Timing # None 0 PF 1 PF, SS 2 PF-1C 3 PF-2C 4 PF-6C 5-8

  23. Chemical Control Peach Rusty Spot Disease Progress Jerseyqueen - 2000 <PF SS 1C 2C 3C 4C 5C 6C Fungicide Timing # None 0 PF 1 PF, SS 2 PF-1C 3 PF-2C 4 PF-6C 5-8

  24. Chemical Control Peach Rusty Spot Area Under the Disease Progress Curve <PF SS 1C 2C 3C 4C 5C 6C

  25. Chemical Control Peach Rusty Spot Area Under the Disease Progress Curve * Waller-Duncan K-ratio T test; =0.05, Kratio=100

  26. Chemical Control Fungicidal Control • Application Timing? • Effective Fungicides?

  27. Chemical Control Peach Rusty Spot Disease Management Validation

  28. Disease Incidence Chemical Control Peach Rusty Spot Disease Management Validation

  29. Chemical Control Peach Rusty Spot Relative Fungicide Efficacy ++++ = Excellent +++ = Good ++ = Fair + = Poor --- = Ineffective

  30. Biorational Control

  31. Biorationals Active on Powdery Mildews Biorational Control

  32. Biorational Control

  33. Integrated Conventional / Biorational Programs Biorational Control

  34. Integrated Rally / Serenade Rusty Spot Programs Biorational Control 2002

  35. Integrated Rally / Armicarb Rusty Spot Programs 2002

  36. Rusty Spot Integrated Management

  37. Cultivar Resistance

  38. Cultivar Resistance • Peach Cultivar Block at RAREC • Block composition • Advanced selections from Rutgers breeding program (J. Goffreda) • Commercially available cultivars • Planting design • Early season • Early mid-season • Late mid-season • Late season

  39. Cultivar Resistance Cultivar Suceptibility • Final Disease Incidence Assessment • Average of 2007 & 2008

  40. Cultivar Resistance Susceptibility Classification

  41. Cultivar Resistance Susceptibility Classification

  42. Cultivar Resistance Susceptibility Classification

  43. Cultivar Resistance Susceptibility Classification

  44. Cultivar Resistance Susceptibility Classification

  45. Summary • Rusty Spot Management • Cultural Control • Planting - locate peach orchards away from powdery mildew susceptible apples • Pruning – open canopy for better air circulation (low RH) spray coverage • Fungicidal Control • Applications - four sprays typically required • Timing - PF, SS, 1C, 2C • Disease-favorable years (e.g., 2012) - add a 3rd cover spray

  46. Summary Rusty Spot Management Programs *Or use Serenade MAX at 2-3 lb/A

  47. Questions ?

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