Moor Monkton Gardening Club

1. Moor Monkton Gardening Club Trevor Woodward - Trevan Cropcare Limited Garden Weed Control & Herbicide Safety

2. Weed Wars – What is a weed • The snakeshead fritillary a weed? No, it’s a wild flower, simply because it’s welcome

3. Weed Control Cultivation • Site preparation • Remove all traces of perennial weeds and their roots and rhizomes by hoeing and forking out. • Allow a period of fallow

4. Ground cover plants Weed deterrent plants i.e. Tagetes minuta (suggested as a control for ground elder and bindweed) Control Mulch – polythene, humus, aggregate etc. Hand weeding Tools – fork, hoe and flame gun Herbicide Tall Mexican Marigold Weed Control By Suppression

5. Not a looker, but an extraordinary plant – it’s roots kill perennial weeds. Also has medicinal use i.e. severe constipation and colic, also grown as culinary herbs. It’s cleared a whole bed of bindweed at Perch Hill Quote from Sarah Ravens cutting Garden Tagetes minute – weed suppression

6. Tagetes (Marigold) minute T. Minute is grown mainly for medicinal purposes but has unusual importance in horticulture, because of its root extracts, known as “thiophenes”; these sulphur compounds inhibit the growth of nematodes (eelworms), which cause extensive damage to a wide range of plants. Thiophenes may also inhibit the growth of other plants – an effect that has been put to good use in the control of invasive weeds. Tagetes marigolds should not be confused with the pot, or common marigold (Calendula officinalis)

7. Mulch weed suppression

8. Contact  Translocated  Residual  Total  Annuals Perennials Germinating seedlings Site clearance Weed Control with Four groups of Herbicides

9. Dalapon ? Dalapon + Dichlobenil Dichlobenil Dichlorophen Glyphosate MCPA/2,4-D/Dicamba Paraquate/diquat Propachlor Simazine The active component of a herbicide

10. Dichlobenil • Provides total weed control in uncropped areas. • Residual for up 10-12 months • Kills establishing annuals and certain perennial weeds where they occur among woody plants, some woody plants are susceptible to dichlobenil

11. Dichlorophen • Controls algal growths, mosses and liverworts on capillary matting, sand beds and on the soil surface of pot and container plants. • Controls mosses and liverworts in lawns, frame-yards and on various hard surfaces. • Mainly contact, though it remains residual for 2-3 months

12. Glyphosate • Foliar acting, being translocated from leaves to underground parts. • Controls both annual and perennial grasses, and broadleaved weeds. • Glyphosate rapidly becomes inactive on contact with soil and there is no root uptake. • Sowing or planting can be done as soon as weeds are dead

13. Diquat • Contact action and effective against the green parts of all plants with the exception of mosses and liverworts. • Kills annual weeds and checks the growth of perennials. • Paraquat / diquat is available to the amateur in solid granular form only. • Becomes inactive on contact with soil, leaving no harmful residues to plants or animals.

14. Propachlor • Soil-acting, residual • Controlling many annual weeds at the seed germination stage in ornamental plants and amongst some veg. • No activity against mayweeds

15. Herbicides for Weeds in Lawns

16. Alloxydim-sodium • Controls couch grass and other perennial weeds. • Foliar-acting, non residual and harmless to all non grassy ornamentals.

17. Lawn sand • Mixture of sharp sand with calcined ferrous sulphate and sulphate of ammonia • Lawn mosses are killed by caustic action • Activated by moisture following application.

18. MCPA  Mecoprop  -------------- Mecoprop / dicamba  2,4-D / dichlorprop  2,4-D / mecoprop  2,4-D / dicamba  2,4-D / fenoprop  Contact action -------------- Mixtures, contact / translocated. Used to control established weeds. Residual activity up to 3 months after application Contact & Translocated weed killers

19. Grassy Weeds - Dalapon • Used in control of grass weeds, particularly couch grass. • Apply as a foliar spray when grasses are in active growth. • Can be used during winter months to control selective grass weeds growing among trees and bush fruits. • Residual for between 2-3 months

20. Bindweed Chickweed Clovers & Vetches Dandelion Daisy Docks Ground Elder Horsetail Nettles Pearlwort Ragwort Yellow oxalis Specific Weeds in Lawns, Borders and Vegetable plots

21. Public enemy number one for most gardeners Roots brittle, break easily – propagate Known as devils guts. Control Hoe as soon as shoots appear above ground Herbicide Spot treat with translocated herbicide Greater Bindweed (Calystegia silvatica)

22. First to appear in newly turned soil Control: Hoe seedlings Hand weed Herbicide: Contact Residual Seedling Mature plant Chickweed (Stellaria media)

23. The only species frequently found as a lawn weed. Perennial. Prostrate growth Control Top dress the lawn to increase vigour. Scarify before mowing. Herbicide Use contact/translocated Common Mouse-ear Chickweed (Cerastium holosteoides, syn C. vulgatum)

24. Clovers & Vetches controlled by all contact and translocated herbicides

25. A perennial weed, seed is the main means of spread. Established dandelions have thick tap roots and new plants will grow from fragments you leave behind in the soil. Use translocated herbicide Seedling Mature Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale)

26. A common weed of lawns because it manages to stay squat – even its flower stalks are shortened so that it can sneak under the mower. Use translocated Herbicide Seedling Mature Plant Daisy (Bellis perennis)

27. Broad leaved dock They have deep tap roots that are inclined to snap off if you pull them out, leaving little bits that grow back. Note buds on shoulder  of theroot Use translocated herbicide Seedling Mature plant Docks (Rumex obtusifolius)

28. Spray timing

29. A real menace if you have it. Ground elder spreads from underground roots to form dense, knee high carpets. Bits of root are left in the ground even when dug up. New Shoot Flower Ground Elder (Aegopodium podagraria)

30. When established among herbaceous perennials effective weedkillers cannot be used safely. Lift all valuable plants from infested areas in early autumn or spring, dividing clumps and discarding older sections. Remove all traces of rhizome from retained younger portions before replanting Among established tree and bush fruits, roses and some woody ornamentals, apply dichlobenil in early spring Rhizome – underground shoots Each section when cut will produce a new plant Use glyphosate, paraquate/diquat repeated each time new growth appears. 2,4D/dicamba/mecoprop or ammonium sulphamate in root-free areas away from valuable plants Ground Elder Control

31. Has a very deep root and far-ranging root system up to 6 ft or more into the soil. Spread by spores produced in the cone shaped structures Strongly resistant to herbicides. Prolific on damp clay soils Control – regular hoeing or mowing will starve it out. Use a root proof barrier in around your garden Use dichlobenil in woody areas. Can be partially controlled by glyphosate if you bruise the foliage before spraying Emerging shoot Fully grown Horsetail (Equisetum arvense)

32. Small clumps are not too much of a problem, as you can dig them out quite easily. Roots spread out quite a distance to produce satellite colonies Glyphosate does not kill the dormant buds on the stem Spray with a brushwood translocated herbicide Young plant Flower head Nettles (Urtica dioica)

33. Tufted perennial weed having a prostrate, needle like leaves on side shoots that spread from a central rosette. It may reach 2in or more in height but is usually much lower and in lawns it is often mistaken for moss. Most common in poor soil, light and undernourished grass. Control Feed and top- dress the lawn regularly Chemical control 2,4D/mecoprop 2,4D/dicamba Usually supplied In a lawn feed And weed fertiliser Pearlwort (Sagina procumbens)

34. This is fine in a wild garden, where it is leaves can be a food source for orange-and- black-striped cinnabar moth caterpillars. In a paddock it should be pulled out and removed completely. If uprooted and left it becomes dangerous to ponies and other mammals. Juvenile leaf rosette In flower Ragwort (Senecio jacobaea)

35. Frequent hitchhiker on container-grown plants, making low, loose mats of small shamrock-shaped leaves Control Apply glyphosate in warm growing conditions. Repeat on regrowth. Use a deep mulch this encourages the oxalis to develop in the mulch where it can be more easily removed Seedling Full-grown Plant Yellow Oxalis (Oxalis corniculata / exilis)

36. List of Garden Weed Killers supplied by garden centres • Casoran G  dichlobenil • Deadfast  sodium chlorate • Deep Root  ammonium sulphamate • Evergreen  MCPA / mecoprop-p / dicamba • Moss Killer  ferrous sulphate • Pathclear  2,4-D / amitrole/ diuron • Roundup glyphosate • Tumbleweed  glyphosate • Verdone  fluroxypyr / chlorpyralid / MCPA • Weedol  diquat / dibromide • SBK Brushwood killer  mecoprop-p / dicamba / 2,4D

37. Applying weed killers • Spot treat individual weeds • Dribble bar on watering can • Granular applicator • Portable sprayer • Hand sprayer • Paint brush

38. SAFETY TO PEOPLE AND PETS The word ‘hormone’ is unfortunate – these weedkillers are not true hormones and certainly do not have any hormone-like effect on man and animals. They will not harm adults or children, pets or wildlife when used as directed. Take the standard precautions you would with any pesticide – keep away from fish and do not have pets on the lawns while you are treating it. After you’ve finished wash hands and face. Garden plants are much more sensitive than animals because the product cannot distinguish between susceptible weed and a susceptible garden shrub or flower. So it is up to you to protect them – keep a special watering can or sprayer just for weedkillers and wash out everything thoroughly after use. Dispose of washings-out on area of grass or other plant area that has just been sprayed. DO NOT DISPOSE OF WASHINGS-OUT DOWN THE DRAINS Avoid drift on to beds or borders and pay special attention near greenhouse. After use store the bottle, box or bag well away from plants and children – never in the greenhouse. Always store powders above liquids.

39. THank you Any questions