The Impact of Natives on Europeans: Trade, Survival, and Globalization

1. Chapter 2 Questions pages 29-32 1. 1534, 3 in total 2. Haudosaunee - Iroquois Wendat - Huron Nehiyawak - Cree 3. a. demand for beaver pelt hats b. Beaver pelts could be made into high quality hats which were also warm and water resistant c. Europeans had wiped out local beaver populations

2. #4. Why Champlain knew the Natives were vital: a. French were outnumbered by the natives b. French were dependent on the natives knowledge and skills in order to survive in the wilderness. c. Champlain knew that the Algonquins and Huron ( Wendat) tribes controlled strategic routes along the St. Lawrence River. What Champlain did : 1. Sent young men to live with native tribes to learn their language, values and customs. 2. Assisted the Algonquin and Huron tribes in war against the Iroquois ( Haudenosaunee)

3. #5. The French would only supply guns if the natives converted to Catholicism where as the Dutch and English traded guns for furs. #6. Missionaries failed to convert the natives because: a. They tried to make the natives adopt a French style of dress and the french language. b. The French attempted a full scale assimilation of the natives by removing native children from their families and putting them in schools run by the missionaries. c. While offering incentives to convert ( such as preferred trading and guns) the demand by missionaries that natives completely give up their traditions and way of life made future conversions very difficult.

4. #7 Natives were self sustaining, self reliant groups of people who had supported themselves for millenium before contact with Europeans. After contact, in the beginning stages, the Europeans relied on the natives knowledge for survival while the natives traded with the Europeans for superior goods that made their lives easier and more comfortable. This switch from their traditional lifestyle eventually led to the natives becoming dependent upon European goods to a point where they even needed European food in some cases in order to survive. The natives and Europeans completely altered the natives traditions of survival by altering the value of their environment. Rather than using what they needed when they needed it, the natives helped the Europeans exploit their environment ,first out of practicality and eventually out of necessity. Once that bridge had been crossed, there was no turning back. The natives went from being part of nature to using resources in order to trade and survive.

5. #8 1. Aboriginals introduced a variety of new crops. The use of corn to feed animals led to more available protein for the people of Europe. 2. Introduced tobacco, sugar cane, potatoes etc to Europe. 3. The vast resources of North America led to unprecedented wealth being attained by the European nations and ended, eventually, the concept of mercantilism. The total wealth of the world was estimated at $200 million in 1500, by 1600 it was at $1.6 billion. 4. The old trade routes to Africa and Asia were basically abandoned. 5. With all the money and resources flowing into Europe, the continent became a capitalist society. Not only the upper class profited but a new middle class developed where people who traditionally worked for a wage could now run their own businesses and gain vast amounts of wealth and eventually power and influence.

6. # 9 Possible globalization effects by Natives on Europeans: - New crops / sources of food. - Increase in types and amounts of wealth plus eventually ending the concept of Mercantilism - fur trade as a source of income and fashion styles - Possible globalization effects on Natives by the Europeans: - The effects of new and better technology on their lifestyles ( ie. tools, weapons, consumer goods) - The change in value ( and values) of the natives traditional economy -