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C++ Programming Basics: Overview and Examples

Learn basic C++ programming concepts, including data types, input/output, control structures, and loops. Get hands-on examples for better understanding.

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C++ Programming Basics: Overview and Examples

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  1. CSC1201: Programming Language 2 Lecture 1 Level 2 Course Nouf Aljaffan (C) 2012 - CSC 1201 Course at KSU

  2. C++ Overview Nouf Aljaffan (C) 2012 - CSC 1201 Course at KSU

  3. “Hello World” program #include <iostream> using namespace std; int main ()‏ { cout << “Hello World\n”; Return 0; } include information from the standard input/output library, iostream. The instruction is more properly called a “preprocessor” instruction The # hash character starts the line to denote a preprocessor instruction. library name must be enclosed by < and > angled brackets. Nouf Aljaffan (C) 2012 - CSC 1201 Course at KSU

  4. “Hello World” program • using namespace std; • The second line of the program makes all the functions within the iostream library available for use by their standard names, which are in the namespace std. One of these is a function named cout that is used to write the output from a program. • int main ()‏ • In the function declaration the data type is specified as int, meaning integer. This means that after executing its statements this function must return an integer value to the operating system. • The braces { } contain the statements to be executed by the program. • The final statement in the main function Returna value of zero to the operating system to indicate that the program executed correctly. Nouf Aljaffan (C) 2012 - CSC 1201 Course at KSU

  5. Data types Nouf Aljaffan (C) 2012 - CSC 1201 Course at KSU

  6. Data Types Nouf Aljaffan (C) 2012 - CSC 1201 Course at KSU

  7. Reserved Words Key Words Nouf Aljaffan (C) 2012 - CSC 1201 Course at KSU

  8. Escape Sequences Nouf Aljaffan (C) 2012 - CSC 1201 Course at KSU

  9. Declaring and Initializing Variables • To declare variables for example • int first, second; • charch; • double x; • boolflage; • To declare and initialize variables for example • int first = 13, second = 10; • charch = ‘A’; • double x = 12.6; • boolflage= true; Nouf Aljaffan (C) 2012 - CSC 1201 Course at KSU

  10. Input (Read) Statement The syntax of cintogether with >> is: cin>> variable>> variable>> ……….; • For example: cin>> first >> second; Nouf Aljaffan (C) 2012 - CSC 1201 Course at KSU

  11. Output • The syntax of cout together with << is: • cout << expression or manipulator <<expression or manipulator ……….; • The expression is evaluated and its value is printed at the current insertion point on the output device. • A manipulator is used to format the output. The simplest manipulator is endl. Nouf Aljaffan (C) 2012 - CSC 1201 Course at KSU

  12. Working with String • The C++ <string> class provides methods to manipulate strings of text. • This is an example of Declaring and initializing a string variable #include <string> #include <iostream> using namespace std; intmain()‏ { string str = "C++ is fun"; …………} Nouf Aljaffan (C) 2012 - CSC 1201 Course at KSU

  13. Control Structures IF statement: if (condition) { statement(s);} IF Else statement: if (condition) { statement(s); ← True Branch}else{ statement(s); ← False Branch} Nouf Aljaffan (C) 2012 - CSC 1201 Course at KSU

  14. Example : If statement #include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() { intnum=2; bool flag=0; if( (num==2) && (flag) ) { cout<< "The first test is true\n"; } else if( (num==2) && (!flag) ) { cout << "The second test is true\n"; } return 0; } Nouf Aljaffan (C) 2012 - CSC 1201 Course at KSU

  15. Switch Structures Nouf Aljaffan (C) 2012 - CSC 1201 Course at KSU

  16. Example: Switch Structures #include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() { } char letter; cout << "Enter any a-z character: "; cin >> letter; switch(letter) { case 'a' : cout << "Letter \'a\' found\n"; break; case 'b' : cout << "Letter \'b\' found\n"; break; case 'c' : cout << "Letter \'c\' found\n"; break; default : cout << "Letter is not a, b or c\n"; } return 0; Nouf Aljaffan (C) 2012 - CSC 1201 Course at KSU

  17. Relational Operators in C++ Nouf Aljaffan (C) 2012 - CSC 1201 Course at KSU

  18. Logical Operators in C++ Nouf Aljaffan (C) 2012 - CSC 1201 Course at KSU

  19. While looping Structure While (condition) { statement(s); } Nouf Aljaffan (C) 2012 - CSC 1201 Course at KSU

  20. Example: While loop #include <iostream> usingnamespacestd; intmain() { inti=0; while( i<=20 ) { cout<< i << " "; i = i + 5 ; } cout<< endl; return 0; } • output: • 0 5 10 15 20 Nouf Aljaffan (C) 2012 - CSC 1201 Course at KSU

  21. For looping Structure • for (expression1; condition; expression2) • { • statement(s) • } Nouf Aljaffan (C) 2012 - CSC 1201 Course at KSU

  22. Example: For Loop Output : enter any number : 1 1*1=1 1*2=2 1*3=3 . . #include <iostream> using namespace std; intmain() { inti,num; cout<<"enter any number: "; cin>>num; for ( i=1 ; i<=10 ; i++ )‏ { cout<< endl << num << "*“ << i << "=“ << num*i << endl; } return 0; } Nouf Aljaffan (C) 2012 - CSC 1201 Course at KSU

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