1 / 29

Cost of Sensor Networks

Explore cost-saving strategies, practical applications, and cutting-edge advancements in sensor networks. Learn about low data rate WPAN applications, Zigbee technology, mesh networking, and more. Discover the challenges and successes in various industries, from personal health care to industrial control.

jnielsen
Download Presentation

Cost of Sensor Networks

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Cost of Sensor Networks Mesh Networking Computing Power Installation, Connection and Commissioning Sensors $ Time

  2. Low Data Rate WPAN Applications (Zigbee) PERSONAL HEALTH CARE BUILDING AUTOMATION CONSUMER ELECTRONICS security HVAC AMR lighting control accesscontrol TV VCR DVD/CD remote PC & PERIPHERALS INDUSTRIAL CONTROL asset mgt process control environmental energy mgt mouse keyboard joystick RESIDENTIAL/ LIGHT COMMERCIAL CONTROL patient monitoring fitness monitoring security HVAC lighting control access control lawn & garden irrigation

  3. Standards • IEEE 802.15.4 • Zigbee • TinyOS • ISA SP100 • HART

  4. Zigbee • Zigbee 1.0 ratified in 2004 • Great marketing tool, but… • Nothing interoperable yet • “Zigbee” products typically aren’t • Everything shipped to date is IEEE 802.15.4 + proprietary MAC • Lost industrial automation in 2005 • Losing building automation in 2006? • Fighting Zensys in home automation • Latest: Zigbee Pro • “The stack that works”  • Hot debate on frequency hopping

  5. University Demos – Results of 100 man-years of research Motes dropped from UAV, detect vehicles, log and report direction and velocity Intel Developers Forum, live demo 800 motes, 8 level dynamic network, 50 temperature sensors for HVAC deployed in 3 hours. $100 vs. $800 per node. Seismic testing demo: real-time data acquisition, $200 vs. $5,000 per node vs.

  6. What went wrong? • Reliability • Power • Security • Cost • Size Academic: • Repeatability • Intractability • “It takes roughly 2.5 PhDs to get a new sensor network project to work. This has to change.” - Sam Madden, MIT

  7. Reliability • Understand the RF environment in the context of Murphy’s Law • Use redundancy • Time • Frequency • Space • Results: >99.9% end-to-end reliability in harsh environments

  8. Power 25 20 With software: 10 years  D cell 15 IRX (mA) 10 5 With software: 10 years  coin cell 100k Bit rate (bps) 300k 200k X cc2420 X cc1000 Cook 06 (300 mW) X Molnar 04 (0.4mA) X X Otis 05 (0.4mA)

  9. Security • AES 128 • Confidentiality • Integrity • Authenticity • Public Key Infrastructure • Certification • Key exchange

  10. System Cost, 2005 • Single-chip mote • Processor, memory • 2.4G radio (not 802.15.4) • Software?

  11. Chevron’s Richmond Refinery 1 km

  12. Oil Refinery – Double Coker Unit • Scope limited to Coker facility and support units spanning over 1200ft • Expanded to 27 units, implemented 14 to start • No repeaters were needed to ensure connectivity • Gateway connected via Ethernet port in control room to process control network • Electrical/Mechanical contractor installed per wired practices GW

  13. ISA Expo Wireless HART DemoOctober 2006

  14. Emerson (Fully integrated + Battery powered) MACTek Yokogawa Siemens (Gateway + Mgmt) Siemens (Fully Integrated + Battery powered) ABB Honeywell Phoenix Contact Smar Endress+ Hauser Pepperl+ Fuchs Elpro Wireless HART Demo, ISA Expo 2006 12 Manufacturers,1 Network – Dust Networks’ SmartMesh XT

  15. Excerpts from Customer Presentations at the Emerson Process Users ConferenceOctober 2-5, 2006

  16. Next generation capabilities • Coming soon: • 32 bit ARM; 1MB flash; 64kB RAM • 2.4GHz RF, bps to Mbps, ~1nJ/bit • ~ ms synchronization across network • ~ 1 meter location accuracy • < 10mm2 • 1mA in-network average current consumption • Baby version • 32 bit ARM; 128kB Flash; 8kB RAM • Same RF, same power • 2mm2?

  17. Mote on a Chip? (circa 2001) antenna uP SRAM Temp inductor Amp Radio ADC ~2 mm^2 ASIC crystal battery • Goals: • Standard CMOS • Low power • Minimal external components ~$1

  18. Single-chip 802.15.4 motes • Atmel • Chipcon (TI) • Ember • Freescale • Jennic • Oki • …

More Related