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The Components of the System Unit

Explore the components inside the system unit that process data, including the motherboard, processor, memory, and machine cycle operations. Learn about processor chips, memory storage, and data representation in a digital world.

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The Components of the System Unit

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  1. The Components of the System Unit CSC134 : COMPUTER & INFORMATION PROCESSING Suhailah Mohd Yusof Department of Computer Science, UiTM Kedah suhailah_my@kedah.uitm.edu.my | 011-11418288| http://habibalbi.weebly.com

  2. At the end of this lesson, you should be able to: See Page 209 for Detailed Objectives Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 4

  3. At the end of this lesson, you should be able to: See Page 209 for Detailed Objectives Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 4

  4. The System Unit • The system unitis a case that contains electronic components of the computer used to process data Page 210 Figure 4-1 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 4

  5. The System Unit • The inside of the system unit on a desktop personal computer includes: Page 211 Figure 4-2 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 4

  6. The System Unit • The motherboard is the main circuit board of the system unit • Contains expansion slots, processor chips, and memory slots • Sometimes called a system board What is a computer chip? • Small piece of semi-conducting material on which integrated circuits are etched Page 212 Figure 4-3 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 4

  7. Processor • The processor, also called the central processing unit (CPU), interprets and carries out the basic instructions that operate a computer • Contain a control unit and an arithmetic logic unit (ALU) Page 213 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 4

  8. Processor Control Unit Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) InstructionsDataInformation InstructionsDataInformation Processor • Control unit directs and coordinates operations in computer Control Unit Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) • Arithmetic logic unit(ALU) performs arithmetic, comparison, and logical operations Memory InputDevices OutputDevices Data Information StorageDevices Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 4 p. 213 Fig. 4-4

  9. Memory Processor ALU Control Unit Processor • Four operations of the CPU comprise a machine cycle What is a machine cycle? Step 1. FetchObtain program instruction or data item from memory Step 2. DecodeTranslate instruction into commands Step 4. StoreWrite result to memory Step 3. ExecuteCarry out command p. 215 Fig. 4-5

  10. Processor Page 216 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 4

  11. Processor • The leading manufacturers of personal computer processor chips are Intel and AMD Pages 216 – 217 Figure 4-7 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 4

  12. Processor • A processor chip generates heat that could cause the chip to burn up • Require additional cooling • Heat sinks • Liquid cooling technology Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 4, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Liquid Cooling below Chapter 4 Pages 219 - 220 Figures 4-9 – 4-10 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 4

  13. Lets test your Mind • In essence, we all use the four operations of the machine cycle every day. For example, when placing an order in a fast-food restaurant we fetch (read the menu), decode (translate the menu into an order), execute (place the order), and store (take our food to the car). Can you think of other occasions that imitate the four operations of the machine cycle.

  14. Data Representation Page 221 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 4

  15. Data Representation A computer circuit represents the 0 or the 1 electronically by the presence or absence of an electrical charge Eight bits grouped together as a unit are called a byte. A byte represents a single character in the computer Page 221 Figures 4-12 – 4-13 Provides enough different combinations of 0s and 1s to represent 256 individual characters (Numbers, Uppercase and lowercase letters, Punctuation marks) ON OFF Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 4

  16. Data Representation • ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) is the most widely used coding scheme to represent data Page 221 Figure 4-14 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 4

  17. Data Representation Page 222 Figure 4-15 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 4

  18. Lets Test your Memory Please seat according to your group. Read and answer all the questions given. You may discuss with your group members. Duration:15 minutes We will discuss the answer.

  19. Memory • Memory consists of electronic components that store instructions waiting to be executed by the processor, data needed by those instructions, and the results of processing the data • Stores three basic categories of items: Page 223 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 4

  20. Memory • Each location in memory has an address • Memory size is measured in kilobytes (KB or K), megabytes (MB), gigabytes (GB), orterabytes (TB) Page 223 Figure 4-17 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 4

  21. Memory • There are two types of memory: Pages 223 - 224 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 4

  22. RAM RAM Memory How do program instructions transfer in and out of RAM? Step 1.When you start the computer, certain operating system files are loaded into RAM from the hard disk. The operating system displays the user interface on the screen. Operating system interface Operating system instructions Step 2.When you start a Web browser, the program’s instructions are loaded into RAM from the hard disk. The Web browser window is displayed on the screen. Web browser instructions Web browser window Step 3.When you start a paint program, the program’s instructions are loaded into RAM from the hard disk. The paint program, along with the Web Browser and certain operating system instructions are in RAM. The paint program window is displayed on the screen. Paint program instructions Paint program window Step 4.When you quit a program, such as the Web browser, its program instructions are removed from RAM. The Web browser is no longer displayed on the screen. Web browser program instructions are removed from RAM Web browser window is no longer displayed on desktop p. 224 Fig. 4-8

  23. Memory • Three basic types of RAM chips exist: Page 225 Figure 4-19 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 4

  24. Memory • RAM chips usually reside on a memory moduleand are inserted into memory slots Page 225 Figure 4-20 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 4

  25. Memory • The amount of RAM necessary in a computer often depends on the types of software you plan to use Page 226 Figure 4-21 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 4

  26. Memory • Memory cache speeds the processes of the computer because it stores frequently used instructions and data Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 4, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Windows ReadyBoost below Chapter 4 Page 227 Figure 4-22 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 4

  27. Memory Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 4, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click ROMbelow Chapter 4 Page 228 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 4

  28. Memory • Flash memorycan be erased electronically and rewritten • CMOStechnology provides high speeds and consumes little power Pages 228 – 229 Figure 4-23 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 4

  29. Used in some RAM chips, flash memory chips, and other types of memory chips Complementary metal-oxide semiconductor memory Uses battery power to retain information when other power is turned off Stores date, time, and computer’s startup information Next Memory CMOS p. 146

  30. Memory • Access timeis the amount of time it takes the processor to read from memory • Measured in nanoseconds Page 229 Figures 4-24 – 4-25 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 4

  31. Expansion Slots and Adapter Cards • An expansion slotis a socket on the motherboard that can hold an adapter card • An adapter cardenhances functions of a component of the system unit and/or provides connections to peripherals • Sound card andvideo card Page 230 Figure 4-26 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 4

  32. Expansion Slots and Adapter Cards • With Plug and Play, the computer automatically can configure adapter cards and other peripherals as you install them Pages 230 – 231 Figure 4-27 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 4

  33. Expansion Slots and Adapter Cards • Removable flash memory includes: • Memory cards, USB flash drives, and PC Cards/ExpressCard modules Page 231 Figure 4-28 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 4

  34. Ports and Connectors Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 4, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Digital Audio Portbelow Chapter 4 Page 232 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 4

  35. Ports and Connectors Page 232 Figure 4-29 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 4

  36. Ports and Connectors • On a notebook computer, the ports are on the back, front, and/or sides Pages 232 - 233 Figure 4-30 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 4

  37. Ports and Connectors Page 233 Figure 4-31 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 4

  38. Ports and Connectors • A USB portcan connect up to 127 different peripherals together with a single connector • You can attach multiple peripherals using a single USB port with a USB hub Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 4, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click USB Portsbelow Chapter 4 Page 234 Figure 4-32 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 4

  39. Ports and Connectors • Other types of ports include: Pages 234 - 236 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 4

  40. Ports and Connectors A Bluetooth wireless port adapter converts a USB port into a Bluetooth port A smart phone might communicate with a notebook computer using an IrDA port Page 235 Figures 4-33 – 4-34 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 4

  41. Ports and Connectors • A port replicator is an external device that provides connections to peripherals through ports built into the device • A docking station is an external device that attaches to a mobile computer or device Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 4, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Docking Stationbelow Chapter 4 Page 236 Figure 4-35 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 4

  42. Buses • A bus allows the various devices both inside and attached to the system unit to communicate with each other • Data bus • Address bus • Word sizeis the number of bits the processor can interpret and execute at a given time Page 237 Figure 4-36 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 4

  43. Buses • Expansion slots connect to expansion buses • Common types of expansion buses include: Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 4, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click FireWirebelow Chapter 4 Page 238 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 4

  44. Bays • A bay is an opening inside the system unit in which you can install additional equipment • A drive baytypically holds disk drives Page 238 Figure 4-37 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 4

  45. Power Supply Page 239 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 4

  46. Putting It All Together Page 239 Figure 4-38 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 4

  47. Putting It All Together Page 239 Figure 4-38 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 4

  48. Keeping Your Computer or Mobile Device Clean Page 240 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 4

  49. Summary Page 241 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 4

  50. Bibliography Book • Shelly, Garry B., and Vermatt, Misty E., Discovering Computers, Fundamentals: Living in a Digital World, 2011 Edition, Shelly Cashman Series, Course Technology, Cengage Learning.

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