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BCOR 11 – Exploring Biology Lecture 1 08/29/05 Introduction

BCOR 11 – Exploring Biology Lecture 1 08/29/05 Introduction. Dr. Mike Vayda Dr. Don Stratton. TODAY’S TOPICS Course Operations Principles of Living Things Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes The Basis for Scientific Discovery Hypothesis testing through data collection. Course Fundamentals.

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BCOR 11 – Exploring Biology Lecture 1 08/29/05 Introduction

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  1. BCOR 11 – Exploring Biology Lecture 1 08/29/05 Introduction Dr. Mike Vayda Dr. Don Stratton

  2. TODAY’S TOPICS Course Operations Principles of Living Things Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes The Basis for Scientific Discovery Hypothesis testing through data collection

  3. Course Fundamentals Scope and Purpose: Cellular Biology Module Molecules, Cell Physiology, Molecular Genetics Course Homepage: www.uvm.edu/~biology/classes/011/ Text: Biology, 7th Edition by Campbell and Reece Lecture Schedule, Assigned Readings: www.uvm.edu/~biology/classes/011/?page=lecsched.html

  4. Exams: Sept 23, Oct 19, Nov 14 Final Exam week of Dec 10 Take best 2 out of 3 REQUIRED No make up exams Exam Format: multiple, multiple choice can have 1 or more correct answers Must come to our sections B or D REVIEW SESSION before each exam

  5. Water can spontaneously dissociate to form: • a. Two political parties • b. H+ and OH- species • c. Hydrophobic and hydrophilic species • d. Na+ and Cl- species • e. Chiral (handed) carbons • f. Membrane-bound organelles • g. Ions • h. Hydrogen bonds to nonpolar functional groups • j. Democratic presidential candidates • k. dipoles • The molecule pictured at right : • a. Is an amino acid • b. Contains a chiral carbon • c. Is a nucleic acid monomer • d. Is soluble in water • e. Is the left handed form of a stereoisomer pair • d. Is a building block of proteins • e. Is alanine • f. Is glutamic acid • g. Is glucose • h. Has a polar R-group • j. Was downloaded from Howard Dean’s Web Site

  6. STRATEGIES FOR SUCCESS Come to Class Take notes, ask questions, review frequently Read the Book! Office Hours: Vayda - call 6-0555 or mvayda@uvm.edu Stratton – call 6-9371 or donald.stratton@uvm.edu Study with friends, classmates Tutoring available from Living and Learning 6-4075 (Dave DiElsi)

  7. Lecture and Lab Concepts vs. Techniques Molecules Water Macromolecules Cell Structures Energetics Cellular Biochemistry Cell Division Molecular Genetics Microscopy Immunocytochemistry Bacterial transformation Protein isolation and characterization DNA isolation and characterization Lectures NOT coupled to Labs

  8. GRADING 200 pts – hour exams 200 pts – final exam 200 pts – Laboratory 100 pts – Assignments (through Lab) 700 pts TOTAL Academic Honesty - exams - lab write ups

  9. QUESTIONS on Course Operations ?

  10. Chapter 1 Readings Topics Properties of Living Things Types of Cells Emergent Properties Reductionism, Systems Biology Feedback Taxonomy Evolution Hypothesis Driven Science

  11. We recognize life by what organisms do: (b) Evolutionary adaptation (a) Order (c) Response to the environment (e) Energy processing (d) Regulation (f) Growth and development (g) Reproduction Figure 1.2 Adapt through Natural Selection respond Create order Produce Offspring Regulate Their Domain Control energy flow grow

  12. Biosphere Ecosystem Community Population Species Individual Multicellular Organism System Organ Tissue CELL CELL Sub-cellular Organelles Sub-cellular Complexes Macromolecules Monomeric molecules Atoms Subatomic Particles -protons -neutrons -electrons

  13. Fundamental Life Processes 1. The CELLis the basic unit of life 2. All cells come from pre-existing cells Concentrate things against gradients 3. Cells Delineate INSIDE from OUTSIDE compartments control the microenvironment - MEMBRANES 4. Build COMPLEX STRUCTURES from simple structures monomers polymers Create ORDER and COMPLEXITY 5. Life RequiresENERGY INPUT, because of 3 & 4 going uphill 6. ORGANIZATION (SPATIAL INFORMATION) heredity, cell organization, self-assembly – informational surfaces

  14. Chapter 1 Readings Topics Properties of Living Things Types of Cells Emergent Properties Reductionism, Systems Biology Feedback Taxonomy Evolution Hypothesis Driven Science

  15. Two Broad Classes of Cells Prokaryotes Eukaryotes Pro = before Eu = true karyon = nucleus HAVE A NUCLEUS membrane-bound organelles DO NOT HAVE A NUCLEUS NO internal membranes plants Animals fungi bacteria, cyanobacteria archaebacteria

  16. Relative Sizes “Typical” ~ 1-2 M Bacterium “Typical” ~ 5 to 20 M diameter Animal Cell “Typical” ~ 5 to 50 M diameter Plant Cell M = micrometer or micron =10-6 meter

  17. Tissues Cells Organelles Macromolecular Complexes Proteins Macromolecules Molecules/Atoms Milli micro nano

  18. Internal membrane-bound Organelles Animal Cell (Eukaryotic)

  19. No internal membranes Bacterial Cell (Prokaryotic)

  20. On the same size scale: Bacterial cell (Prokaryotic Animal Cell (Eukaryotic)

  21. Species Genus Family Order Class Phylum Kingdom Domain Ursusameri- canus (American black bear) Ursus Ursidae Carnivora Mammalia Chordata Animalia Eukarya Figure 1.14 TAXONOMY – grouping of organisms with similar characteristics • Classifying life

  22. 15 µm 1.0 µm Cilia of Paramecium.The cilia of Parameciumpropel the cell throughpond water. 5 µm Cross section of cilium, as viewed with an electron microscope Cilia of windpipe cells. The cells that line the human windpipe are equipped with cilia that help keep the lungs clean by moving a film of debris-trapping mucus upward. Figure 1.16 Unity in the Diversity of Life • As diverse as life is • There is also evidence of remarkable unity Genetic Mechanisms Biochemistry Cellular Components, organization, function

  23. The SCIENTIFIC METHOD 1. FORMULATE a reasonable hypothesis to Explain an observation 2. TEST the hypothesis with a Controlled, Reproducible Experiment 3. ASSESS results of the experiment 4. Draw CONCLUSION of “How Things Work” - then test that

  24. “[scientific truth] is not a citadel of certainty to be defended against error; it is a shady spot where one eats lunch before tramping on” L. White, 1968 Observations Questions Hypothesis # 1:Dead batteries Hypothesis # 2:Burnt-out bulb Prediction: Replacing bulb will fix problem Prediction: Replacing batteries will fix problem Test prediction Test prediction Figure 1.25 Test does not falsify hypothesis Test falsifies hypothesis

  25. prior to the 17th Century Life was considered “super-natural” beyond the Laws of Nature SPONTANEOUS GENERATION living things arise de novo = “from nothing” Wet hay gives rise to mice mosquitoes come from swamps, ponds, puddles decaying corpses turn into maggots

  26. Francesco Redi’s experiment: Start Experimental Control 1 week later Experimental Control Conclusion: Maggots come from flies, not from the decaying meat

  27. Redi’s Follow-Up Experiment: Cover 1 week Conclusion: maggots are immature forms of flies

  28. Next Time Chapter 2: Atoms, Bonding, Molecules Will begin - Chapter 3: Water

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