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THE ROARING TWENTIES

THE ROARING TWENTIES. 1. ECONOMIC CONDITIONS 2. REPUBLICAN POLITICS 3. THE CULTURE OF MODERNISM: ARTS & ENTERTAINMENT 4. RESPONSES: RELIGIOUS FUNDAMENTALISM & NATIVISM 5. STRUGGLE FOR EQUALITY: AFR.-AMER. & WOMEN. 1. ECONOMIC CONDITIONS. Evidence of economic prosperity during the 1920s:

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THE ROARING TWENTIES

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  1. THE ROARING TWENTIES • 1. ECONOMIC CONDITIONS • 2. REPUBLICAN POLITICS • 3. THE CULTURE OF MODERNISM: ARTS & ENTERTAINMENT • 4. RESPONSES: RELIGIOUS FUNDAMENTALISM & NATIVISM • 5. STRUGGLE FOR EQUALITY: AFR.-AMER. & WOMEN

  2. 1. ECONOMIC CONDITIONS Evidence of economic prosperity during the 1920s: • 1. Larger numbers of women and men working in office jobs • 2. Increased emphasis on the marketing of consumer goods • 3. Growing investment in the stock market

  3. Signs of Trouble: • Least-prosperous group: farmers in Midwest and South • 1921-1929- Agriculture prices fall

  4. 2. Republican Politics: Harding, Coolidge and Hoover • Favored tax cuts for the wealthy • Progressive era agencies aided business Foreign Policy: • Despite isolationist policy, U.S. remains active • Kellogg-Brian Pact (1928) • Washington Naval Conference (1921-22) • Dawes Plan

  5. 3. Culture of Modernism: The Arts and Mass Entertainment • 1. The “Lost Generation of the 1920s” • Sinclair Lewis, Gertrude Stein, F. Scott Fitzgerald • Disillusioned • Criticizing middle-class materialism and conformity (Babbitt; Main Street; The Great Gatsby) AP TIP: According to APUSH rubric, 40% of multiple choice questions cover social change and cultural and intellectual developments. The “Lost Generation” is a popular topic.

  6. 2. Jazz music symbolized desire to break with tradition. • “Jelly Roll” Morton; Joseph (Joe) King Oliver; W.C. Handy 3. Movies, Baseball, technological innovations and radio

  7. 4. Responses to Modernism: Religious Fundamentalism and Natavism 1. Religious Fundamentalism: Anti-secular & anti-liberal Scopes Trial II. Natavism: KKK D.W. Griffith’s, “The Birth of a Nation” The National Origins Act of 1924 Sacco and Vanzetti Case

  8. 5. Struggle for Equality I. African Americans1. The Harlem Renaissance 2. The Great Migration 3. Marcus Garvey II. Women 1. Flappers 2. Women and the Workplace 3. Margaret Sanger

  9. 4. Factors causing the decline of the feminist movement during the 1920s: 1. Passage of the Nineteenth Amendment 2. Division between women’s groups on goals 3. Decline of the Progressive reform movement

  10. Great Depression and the New Deal, 1929-1941 • I. Causes of the Great Depression: • 1929 Stock Market • Overproduction and Underconsumption • Decline in Farm Prosperity • International Trade

  11. II. Herbert Hoover • A. The Bonus Expeditionary Force • B. Hoover’s Economic Policies • Relied on business and charity for recovery • Reconstruction Finance Corporation

  12. III. Franklin D. Roosevelt • A. Goals • The three ‘Rs’ • Direct federal relief to individuals • Restructure American capitalism • Deficit Spending B. The First Hundred Days C. Farm Policy: The Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1933

  13. New Deal Programs (continued) • National Industrial Recovery Act (NRA) • Civilian Conservation Corps • Social Security Act of 1935 • Wagner Act of 1935 • The New Deal and African-Americans • Court-Packing Scheme

  14. Impact of the New Deal • Reform rather than revolution • New direction for federal government • Partially successful • Democratic Party now majority party • WWII • The New Deal did not…

  15. Labor and Union Recognition • A. The CIO and John L. Lewis • Organized unskilled and semiskilled factory workers “The productive methods and facilities of modern industry have been completely transformed…Skilled artisans make up only a small proportion of the workers. Obviously the bargaining strength of employees under these conditions no longer rests in organizations of skilled craftsmen. It is dependent upon a national union representing all employees-whether skilled or unskilled, or whether working by brain or brawn-in each basic industry” John L. Lewis

  16. AFL and CIO Split • Divide at national convention in 1935 • AFL refused to grant charters

  17. The New Deal Coalition • A. The Democratic Coalition • White Southerners • African Americans • Ethnic minorities • Union members • Did Not include wealthy industrialists B. Shift in voting

  18. Critics of the New Deal • 1. Dr. Francis Townsend • 2. Gerald Smith • 3. Huey Long • 4. Father Charles Coughlin

  19. American Society During the New Deal • A. Hoovervilles • Shantytowns of unemployed and homeless people B. Mass migration as people looked for work African Americans continue to migrate to the North

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