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The rise of service standards between socialization and commodification

The rise of service standards between socialization and commodification. Jean-Christophe Graz. Explore the growing influence of international standardisation on the political organisation of the rise of a worldwide service economy and society at large. Outline. Services & standardisation.

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The rise of service standards between socialization and commodification

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  1. The rise of service standards between socialization and commodification Jean-Christophe Graz

  2. Explore the growing influence of international standardisation on the political organisation of the rise of a worldwide service economy and society at large.

  3. Outline • Services & standardisation • Standards and transnational hybrid authority • Institutional setting for dis/embedding standards from/into society: commodification versus socialisation

  4. Outline • Services & standardisation • Standards and transnational hybrid authority • Institutional setting for dis/embedding standards from/into society: commodification versus socialisation

  5. The rise of the service economy • >70% GDP and employment in OECD • >50% GDP and employment in LDCs • Regulatory Reform • Digitalisation • Internationalisation --> outsourcing / offshoring services

  6. International standardisation • Technical specifications • partially voluntary • Explicitly documented • Published and sold • Sometimes referred to in public regulation

  7. How standards matter? • Reorganisation of labour process • Dis/embedding market access • Desegregation of labour process into simple work sequences • Industrialisation – codification – quality & security requirements

  8. Resistance to service standards • Intangible and interpersonal relation • Synchronisation of service production & consumption • Regulated professions • Quality and security uncertainties

  9. Standards facing quality & security uncertainty • Market transparency ? • Strategic interaction? • Path-dependant institutions? • Capitalist State/economy reogranisation?

  10. Outline • Services & standardisation • Standards and transnational hybrid authority • Institutional setting for dis/embedding standards from/into society: commodification versus socialisation

  11. Globalisation & transnational private authority • State - nonstate authority • ≠ zero sum game costs/gains • ≠ additional instance of governance • Scale & density (7300 Ingos/7500 Igos) (Yearbook of International Organizations) • Relation with the State • Formal and informal complementarity and subsidiarity

  12. International political economy approach Transnational hybrid authority • Range of actors involved • Private firms –––> public actors & states • Scope of issues concerned • Technical specifications ––> management methods, labour relations, societal issues • Scale of coalition building and level of institutional compromised • State/market relations ––> deterritorialisation & transnationalisation of regulatory practices

  13. Standardisation and transnational hybrid authority public ––––––– ACTORS ––––––– private societal ––––––– ISSUES ––––––– physical endogenous ––––– SPACE –––––––– exogenous

  14. Transnational hybrid authority of service standards Physical exogeneous private public societal endogeneous

  15. Outline • Services & standardisation • Standards and transnational hybrid authority • Institutional setting for dis/embedding standards from/into society: commodification versus socialisation

  16. Institutional complexity/opacity

  17. Fragmented institutional environment Sectorial standards (IEEE) International standards (ISO/CEN) Consortia standards (W3C; ECMA, etc.) Intellectual property rights Public regulation Private Public

  18. Material continuum Societal Governement procurements ODF Ooxml Market organisation and continuation Consumers’ choice Interoperability physical Programing language

  19. Spatial deterritorialisation – CA competence Proprietary & monopole standards exogenous Mutual/multilateral recognition agreements Open source standards? Replication of tests and certification Technology assessment & recommendations endogenous

  20. Socialisation/commodification in international service standards Physical exogeneous private public societal endogeneous Consortia standards Formal standards (ISO)

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