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Chapter 3

Chapter 3. Section 3.1: The Internet. Origins of the Internet. The Internet originated in the late 1960’s It is only since the early 90’s that the Internet has been commonly used in homes, schools, and businesses. Origins of the Internet.

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Chapter 3

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  1. Chapter 3 Section 3.1: The Internet

  2. Origins of the Internet • The Internet originated in the late 1960’s • It is only since the early 90’s that the Internet has been commonly used in homes, schools, and businesses

  3. Origins of the Internet • In 1969, the US government began developing a network of computers with various universities and defense contractors • This network was called ARPANET • Named after the Advanced Research Projects Agency of the US Department of Defense

  4. Origins of the Internet • ARPANET grew rapidly as scientists began using it to share information and hold online discussions • In 1980 the National Science Foundation (NSF) made ARPANET available to computer science departments for research purposes

  5. Origins of the Internet • In 1990, scientist Tim Berners-Lee created the first GUI browser, which he named the World Wide Web • The browser allowed users to view graphic, audio, and video files located on the Internet • In 1993 his Web technology became freely available to anyone and websites started appearing at a rapid pace

  6. How the Internet Works • While the terms Internet and World Wide Web are used interchangeably they are two separate things • The Internet is a large connection of networks • The Web is just one part of this larger network • Every time you are on the Web, you are on the Internet • However, you can use the Internet without being connected to the Web

  7. Internet Service Providers • To connect to the Internet, most people sue a communication line, such as a telephone line or cable connection • When you are connecting to the Internet you are accessing an Internet Service Provider (ISP) • An ISP allows its customer’s computers to access the Internet

  8. ISP Providers • AN ISP provider typically charges its customer’s a monthly fee for ongoing Internet access • Some examples of ISP’s include: AOL, Earthlink, Verizon and Epix

  9. Internet Protocols • All of the computers on the Internet must communicate with each other to share information and resources • Communicate by using protocols • A protocol is a set of rules and procedures that specify how data are formatted and transmitted between computer systems

  10. Internet Protocols • Computers must follow the same protocols in order to “talk” to one another • The basic Internet protocol is Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol or TCP/IP • This protocol contains specific information that allows computers to identify each other and exchange data • Using TCP/IP gives all computers on the Internet a common “language” • This is the http:// part of a website address

  11. Communication on the Internet • People can use the Internet to communicate with other people • The most common way to communicate over the Internet is through e-mail • To receive e-mails you need a specific address that will route your messages directly to you • In order to actually type emails you need an e-mail application (Outlook, Hotmail, Netscape Messenger)

  12. Entertainment on the Internet • The Internet also offers online gaming • Multiuser domain games (MUD’s) and MUD object oriented games (MOO’s) let users experience a virtual universe where they interact with other users

  13. Intranets and Extranets • An Intranet is a LAN or WAN that is designed to make it easy to share information within an organization, such as a business or school • Allows users to access company databases, set up meetings, and send e-mail

  14. Intranets and Extranets • Extranet: similar to an intranet, but extranets can be accessed by outside or remote users who are authorized to use the network. • Outside users must enter a password or account number to gain access to the extranet

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