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Industrial Search for Greenhouse Gas Replacements

Industrial Search for Greenhouse Gas Replacements. Zhuangjie Li Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry California State University Fullerton Fullerton, CA 92834. Outline . Introduction Global Warming Potentials ( GWPs ) GHG alternatives search strategy

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Industrial Search for Greenhouse Gas Replacements

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  1. Industrial Search for Greenhouse Gas Replacements Zhuangjie Li Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry California State University Fullerton Fullerton, CA 92834

  2. Outline • Introduction • Global Warming Potentials (GWPs) • GHG alternatives search strategy • Potential GHG replacement compounds • Conclusion

  3. Global warming (GW) - threats to our welfare - draughts and floods, decrease food production - Sea level rise, high tides, hurricanes, beach erosion Anthropogenic GW contributor – Greenhouse gases (GHG) - CO2 – from fossil fuel usage - non-CO2 trace gases – industrial and consumer usage Industrial – Solvents, cleaning, etching agents etc. Consumer – Refrigerators, air conditioners, spray products etc. Ex. CFCl3, CF2Cl2, SF6, C2F6, NF3 etc.

  4. To mitigate Global warming - Reduce CO2 loading in the atmosphere - improve fuel efficiency; develop wind, solar, renewable energy etc. For non-CO2GHG – Develop new chemicals that are environmentally benign (Solvents, cleaning agents, foam blowing materials, refrigerants, etc.) Question: How do we know how much a newly developed chemical would contribute to GW?

  5. Global Warming Potentials (GWPs) – A tool to quantitatively measure the contribution of a compound to global warming. Sources: Brakkee et al. Int J LCA 13 191 (2008)

  6. Sources: NIST http://webbook.nist.gov/chemistry/form-ser.html

  7. Summary of Atmospheric Lifetime and GWPs for HCFCs for 20, 100, and 500 Year Time Horizons _______________________________________________________________________________________ Global Warming Potentials Gas Atmospheric _________ years___________ Lifetime, years 20 100 500 ________________________________________________________________________________________ CFC- 12 100 7,900 8,500 4,200 HCFC-22 12 4,662 1,900 535 HCFC-123 1.4 303 120 28 HCFC- 124 6.2 1,823 620 176 HCFC-141b 9.1 1,701 700 177 H CFC- 142b 18 4,396 2,300 610 HCFC-225 ca 2.0 414 180 38 HCFC-225cb 6.3 1,597 620 154 ______________________________________________________________________________________ Sources: WMO and IPCC reports (1999-2007)

  8. Summary of Atmospheric Lifetime and GWPs for HFCs for 20, 100, and 500 Year Time Horizons _______________________________________________________________________________________ Global Warming Potentials Gas Atmospheric _________ years___________ Lifetime, years 20 100 500 ________________________________________________________________________________________ HFC-32 5.2 2,920 880 276 HFC- 125 29.4 5,738 3,800 1,083 HFC- 134 10.4 3,288 1,200 356 HFC- 134a 14 4,845 1,600 589 HFC-143 3.7 1,017 370 94 HFC- 143a 47 5,695 5,400 1,537 HFC-152a 1.5 499 190 46 HFC-161 0.3 22 10 2 HFC- 227ea 35.7 5,395 3,800 1,172 HFC-236fa 222 6,125 9,400 5,930 HFC-245fa 7.67 3,094 995 309 HFC-365mfc 10.7 2,709 910 296 ______________________________________________________________________________________ Sources: WMO and IPCC reports (1999-2007)

  9. Summary of Atmospheric Lifetime and GWPs for HFEs for 20, 100, and 500 Year Time Horizons _______________________________________________________________________________________ Global Warming Potentials Gas Atmospheric _________ years___________ Lifetime, years 20 100 500 ________________________________________________________________________________________ HFE-216 0.010 0.014 0.004 0.001 HFE-227 11.3 3,000 1,100 300 HFE-245fa 0.40 1,900 560 170 HFE-245fb 0.36 850 250 79 HFE- 134 0.43 9,400 4,300 1,300 HFE- 125 0.42 12,100 14,400 9,400 HFE-145 0.32 530 150 49 HFE-227 0.28 370 110 35 HFE-236fa 0.44 4100 1500 450 HFE-236fb 0.34 1600 460 140 HFE-263 0.20 37 11 3 HFE-245fc 0.30 910 270 85 HFE-329 0.49 2800 870 270 HFE-338 0.43 1800 520 160 HFE-349 0.41 1200 350 110 __________________________________________________________________________________ Sources: WMO and IPCC reports (1999-2007); Li et al. JGR 2000, 2001

  10. Additional requirements for a GHG replacement compound: • Proper physical properties • -non-flammable • low toxicity • -low cost • All these requirements make the search for desirable GHG replacements challenging

  11. Conclusions • Key factors in searching GHG replacement: short atmospheric lifetime • Three groups of compounds are current focus: HCFCs, HFCs, and HFEs. • Search for GHG replacements is on the way Challenge: Meeting all requirements: physical properties, safe to use, low cost, and benign to the environments.

  12. Thank you

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