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Planetary Atmosphere With ALMA

Planetary Atmosphere With ALMA. Rapha ë l Moreno Observatoire de Paris-Meudon. Planetary atmosphere science. Composition : Vertical distribution of species Search for new species Thermal structure: P(T) Dynamics : winds

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Planetary Atmosphere With ALMA

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  1. Planetary Atmosphere With ALMA Raphaël Moreno Observatoire de Paris-Meudon

  2. Planetary atmosphere science • Composition : Vertical distribution of species Search for new species • Thermal structure: P(T) • Dynamics : winds • 3D mapping and monitoring: seasonal variations Constraints on the origin and evolution of planets and the formation of the solar system

  3. Observations with ALMA • HIGHLY IMPROVED • Spatial resolution : Mapping of species • Sensitivity : Search for new species • Bandwidth : Large tropospheric lines • Spectral resolution : Narrow stratospheric lines • Line profile / Winds

  4. Mapping Planets with ALMA Apparent diameter: Planets : 2-60 “ Satellites & Pluto : 0.1-1” ALMA spatial resolution : 0.1-0.01 “ 0.01 “  (3-300 km @ 0.4-40 AU) biggest planets limited to low frequency

  5. Planetary and satellites atmospheres (DRSP theme: 4.1 ) • Dynamic of Mars and Venus atmosphere • 3D water cycle of Mars • Chemistry of the atmosphere of Mars and Venus • Composition and dynamic of giant planet stratosphere • Search for broad line in the troposphere of the giant planets • Chemical-dynamical coupling in Titan’s atmosphere • Volcanism in Io • The atmosphere of Triton, Pluto and other TNO objects

  6. Mars - Wind CO Doppler lineshift (mm): Strong retrograde wind GCM: prograde winds ALMA: 3D-maps of winds and P(T)  Constrains on the dynamic and thermal structure IRAM PdB Moreno 1999

  7. Mars – water cycle mm observations of HDO : Probe H2O near the surface ALMA: 3D- field of water  H2O gas/ice interaction at different seasons OVRO HDO 226 GHz (Gurwell)

  8. Mars – Photochemistry • H2O2 recently detected mm/IR • ALMA: • 3D-maps of H2O2 • Search for new species : • HO2, H2CO, NO JCMT – Clancy etal 2004

  9. VENUS • Atm. : CO2,N2+ traces of H2O, S-bearing species • mm/submm: CO and isotopes, • winds, HDO • ALMA: • Search for : HCL, H2S, SO2 • 3D-maps of CO, HDO •  Dynamics and thermal structure • H2O spatial distribution • Photochemistry CO(2-1) Bulh etal 91

  10. Giant planets – Troposphere • Composition : H2, He, CH4, H2O, NH3(J,S), PH3(J,S) • mm/submm : PH3(J+S), CO(N) • ALMA: • Search for new species : • PH3 (U,N), CO(U), isotopes • 3D-Maps PH3, CO, P(T) •  Planets formation and evolution JCMT – Weisstein etal 96

  11. Giant Planets - Stratosphere Composition : H2, He, CH4, H2O mm/submm: CO(J,N), HCN(J,N) CS(J), H2O ALMA: • 3D-maps of CO, HCN • Search for CO(U), HCN(U), HDO, Isotopes  Origin of external water JCMT- Marten etal 04

  12. Titan • Dense and cold : N2/CH4 • mm/submm : CO and HCN • isotopes, HC3N, CH3CN, winds • ALMA: • Search for more complex species • 3D-Maps of nitriles • Dynamics/photochemistry coupling • Complement observations to CASSINI  IRAM-PdB Moreno 03

  13. Io • Tenuous SO2 atmosphere • mm/submm: SO, SO2 and NaCl • ALMA: • Search for new species (OCS, S2O, KCL) • 3D-Maps detected species • Atmosphere origin : Volcanism/sublimation IRAM-30m Lellouch 03

  14. Pluton-Triton Tenuous N2 atmosphere mm/submm: CO upper limits ALMA: Search for CO  Atmospheric Temperature Pluton-Charon HST- separation 0.9”

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